Chapter 15, Problem 15.43CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of equivalence points present, and amount of milliliters of base that are required to reach each equivalence point in the given plot has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{pH}$titration curve:

$\text{pH}$ titration curve is the plot of $\text{pH}$ of an acid solution versus amount of base added in the titration.

Acid-base neutralization reaction:

The aqueous solution of acid reacts with aqueous solution of base to produce soluble salt with water is known as acid-base neutralization reaction.

Equivalence point:

The point, where the amount of base added completely neutralizes the taken amount of acid in the titration is known as equivalence point.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The approximate $\text{pH}$ at each equivalence point in the given plot should be given.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{pH}$titration curve:

$\text{pH}$ titration curve is the plot of $\text{pH}$ of an acid solution versus amount of base added in the titration.

Acid-base neutralization reaction:

The aqueous solution of acid react with aqueous solution of base to produce soluble salt with water is known as acid-base neutralization reaction.

Equivalence point:

The point, where the amount of base added completely neutralizes the taken amount of acid in the titration is known as equivalence point.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The approximate ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ value for acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{pH}$titration curve:

$\text{pH}$ titration curve is the plot of $\text{pH}$ of an acid solution versus amount of base added in the titration.

Acid-base neutralization reaction:

The aqueous solution of acid react with aqueous solution of base to produce soluble salt with water is known as acid-base neutralization reaction.

Equivalence point:

The point, where the amount of base added completely neutralizes the taken amount of acid in the titration is known as equivalence point.

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

The pH can be calculated using Henderson-Hasselbalch equation as follows,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{pH}{\text{= pK}}_{\text{a}}\text{ + log}\frac{[\text{conjugate base]}}{[\text{weak acid]}}\\ \text{pH}{\text{= pK}}_{\text{a}}\text{ + log}\frac{[{\text{A}}^{\text{-}}\text{]}}{[\text{HA]}}\end{array}$