Chapter 15, Problem 15.86SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The $\text{pH}$ at the equivalence point for the titration of $\text{0}\text{.10 M}$ solutions of ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{2}}\text{and NaOH}$ should be determined and a suitable indicator for this titration should be given.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{pH}$:

The negative log of base 10 ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion concentration is given by $\text{pH}$ of the solution.

$\text{pH}\text{=}{\text{-log}}_{\text{10}}{\text{[H}}^{\text{+}}\text{]}$

Equilibrium constant for base:

The equilibrium constant for base is given below,

The general base dissociation reaction in water is,

$B+H_{2}O\stackrel{}{\rightleftharpoons }H{B}^{+}+O{H}^{-}$

$\text{Equilibrium}\text{constant}{\text{K}}_b\text{=}\frac{\left[B{H}^{+}\right]\left[O{H}^{-}\right]}{\left[B\right]}$

Indicator:

A chemical substances, which makes a colour change in respect with the changes in $\text{pH}$ of titration mixture is known as indicator.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The $\text{pH}$ at the equivalence point for the titration of $\text{0}\text{.10 M}$ solutions of $\text{HI and NaOH}$ should be determined and suitable indicator for this titration should be given.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{pH}$:

The negative log of base 10 ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion concentration is given by $\text{pH}$ of the solution.

$\text{pH}\text{=}{\text{-log}}_{\text{10}}{\text{[H}}^{\text{+}}\text{]}$

Indicator:

A chemical substances, which make a colour changes respect with the changes in $\text{pH}$ of titration mixture is known as indicator.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The $\text{pH}$ at the equivalence point for the titration of $\text{0}\text{.10 M}$ solutions of ${\text{ CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}\text{ (methylamine) and HCl}$ should be determined and suitable indicator for this titration should be given.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{pH}$:

The negative log of base 10 ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ion concentration is given by $\text{pH}$ of the solution.

$\text{pH}\text{=}{\text{-log}}_{\text{10}}{\text{[H}}^{\text{+}}\text{]}$

Equilibrium constant for acid:  The equilibrium constant for acid is given below,

The general acid dissociation reaction in water is,

$HA+H_{2}O\stackrel{}{\rightleftharpoons }{H}_3{O}^{+}+A^{-}$

$\text{Equilibrium}\text{constant}{\text{K}}_a\text{=}\frac{\left[H_3{O}^{+}\right]\left[A^{-}\right]}{\left[HA\right]}$

Indicator:

A chemical substances, which make a colour changes in respect with the changes in $\text{pH}$ of titration mixture is known as indicator.