
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the occurrence of two different dehydrogenation reactions is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules.
β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the breakdown of a molecule into two parts is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.
β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH2 and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether the occurrence of a hydrolysis reaction is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.
β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH2 and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether the occurrence of a hydration reaction is a characteristic of (1) the β-oxidation pathway but not ketogenesis, (2) ketogenesis but not β-oxidation pathway, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis or (4) neither the β-oxidation pathway nor ketogenesis has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.
β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain that cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH2 and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

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Chapter 14 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
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