
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether succinate, a C4 species is a monocarboxylic acid or (4) dicarboxylic acid has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
A carboxylate group is formed by the removal of the acidic hydrogen from the carboxylic group.
A carboxylate group is formed by the removal of the acidic hydrogen from the carboxylic group.
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether butyrate, a C4 species is a (1) hydroxy acid, (2) keto acid, (3) saturated acid, or (4) unsaturated acid has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Carboxylic acids are the compounds that have a carboxylic group (-COOH). The compound with one carboxylic group is termed as a monocarboxylic acid while the compound with two carboxylic groups is termed as a dicarboxylic acid.
A carboxylate group is formed by the removal of the acidic hydrogen from the carboxylic group.
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether β-hydroxybutyrate, a C4 species is a (1) hydroxy acid, (2) keto acid, (3) saturated acid, or (4) unsaturated acid has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Carboxylic acids are the compounds that have a carboxylic group (-COOH). The compound with one carboxylic group is termed as a monocarboxylic acid while the compound with two carboxylic groups is termed as a dicarboxylic acid.
A carboxylate group is formed by the removal of the acidic hydrogen from the carboxylic group.
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether fumarate, a C4 species is a monocarboxylic acid or (4) dicarboxylic acid has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Functional groups are defined as the group of atoms which are attached to the carbon backbone of organic compounds. These are generally heteroatoms which are attached to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Carboxylic acids are the compounds that have a carboxylic group (-COOH). The compound with one carboxylic group is termed as a monocarboxylic acid while the compound with two carboxylic groups is termed as a dicarboxylic acid.
A carboxylate group is formed by the removal of the acidic hydrogen from the carboxylic group.
A carboxylate group is formed by the removal of the acidic hydrogen from the carboxylic group.

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Chapter 14 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
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