
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the B-vitamin niacin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of
Concept introduction:
Niacin includes NAD+, NADH and NADPH coenzymes. Niacin and nicotinamide are precursors of the coenzyme NAD and NADP. Both NAD and NADP are involved in many dehydrogenation reactions. While NAD participates in the catabolic activities, NADP participates in the anabolic activities.
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the B-vitamin thiamin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Thiamin is also called vitamin B1. Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone.
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether pantothenic acid is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Pantothenic acid is also called vitamin B5. Its coenzyme derivative is CoA. It plays a vital role in carbohydrate, protein and fat
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether folate is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Folate is also known as vitamin B9. Folate is required for the synthesis of RNA, DNA, and carbohydrate metabolism.

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Chapter 14 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
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