Chapter 12.9, Problem 12.16CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The activation energy value of the given reaction has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Activation energy:

The minimum amount of energy required to start a given chemical reaction is known as activation energy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the given reaction is exothermic or endothermic has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Exothermic reaction:

If heat is released during a chemical or physical change those reactions are called as exothermic reactions.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Example:}\\ {\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\left(\text{g}\right)}\text{+}{\text{2O}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\left(\text{g}\right)}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\left(\text{g}\right)}\text{+}{\text{2H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\left(\text{l}\right)}\text{+}\text{890}\text{kJ}\\ \text{In}\text{this}\text{reaction}\text{890}\text{kJ}\text{of}\text{heat}\text{is}\text{released}\text{.}\end{array}$

Endothermic reaction:

If heat is absorbed during a chemical or physical change those reactions are called as endothermic reactions.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Example:}\\ {\text{Ba(OH)}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}\text{+}{\text{2NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\left(\text{aq}\right)}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{2NH}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\left(\text{g}\right)}\text{+}{\text{2H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\left(\text{l}\right)}\text{+}\text{Ba}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\\ \text{In}\text{this}\text{reaction}\text{170}\text{.8}\text{kJ}\text{of}\text{heat}\text{is}\text{absorbed}\text{.}\end{array}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given reaction the plausible structure of transition state has to be given.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect of temperature on the given reaction rate has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Activation energy:

The minimum amount of energy required to start a given chemical reaction is known as activation energy.