Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The potential energy diagram for the given reaction has to be given with appropriate labels.
Concept introduction:
Activation energy
(b)
Interpretation:
The plausible structure for the transition state for the given reaction has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Transition state: Transition state is an intermediate state of a particular reaction with highest energy value. At the transition state it has a particular configuration where bond breaking and formation are showed by dashed lines.
Activation energy
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 12 Solutions
General Chemistry: Atoms First
- xplain why aluminum cans make good storage containers for soft drinks. Styrofoam cups can be used to keep coffee hot and cola cold. How can this be?arrow_forwardCobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate, CoCl26H2O, is a bright pink compound, but in the presence of very dry air it loses water vapor to the air to produce the light blue anhydrous salt CoCl2. Calculate the standard free-energy change for the reaction at 25C: CoCl26H2O(s)CoCl2(s)+6H2O(g) Here are some thermodynamic data at 25C: What is the partial pressure of water vapor in equilibrium with the anhydrous salt and the hexahydrate at 25C? (Give the value in mmHg.) What is the relative humidity of air that has this partial pressure of water? The relative humidity of a sample of air is Relativehumidity=partialpressureofH2O(g)inairvaporpressureofwater100 What do you expect to happen to the equilibrium partial pressure over the hexahydrate as the temperature is raised? Explain.arrow_forwardWhat is U for the following reaction at 25C? 2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(l)arrow_forward
- 2. Data for the reaction 2 HI (g) → H₂ (g) + I₂ (g) are given in the table below: Reaction temperature (K) 298 729 Chemical species H₂ (g) 1₂ (g) HI (g) Кс 1.26 x 10-3 2.0 x 10-2 AHof (kJ/mol) 0 62.442 25.9 a. Calculate AH (in kJ/mol) using the AH values given. Show your work, and pay attention to sig figs. b. Calculate AH (in kJ/mol) using the yan't Hoff equation. Show your work, and pay attention to sig figs.arrow_forwardCalculate ΔG for the following equation: SO2(g)+2H2(g)→S(s)+2H2O(g) Given: ΔGf of SO2(g) = -300.4 kj/mol ΔGf of H2(g) = 0 kj/mol ΔGf of S (s) = 0 kj/mol ΔGf of H2O (g) = -228.57 kj/molarrow_forwardHow much energy is required to decompose 800 gg of PCl3PCl3, according to the reaction below? The molar mass of PCl3PCl3 is 137.32 g/molg/mol and may be useful.4 PCl3PCl3(g) →→ P4P4(s) + 6 Cl2Cl2(g) ΔH∘rxnΔHrxn∘ = +1207 kJarrow_forward
- Compare the TWO reaction energy profiles shown below. (A) Reaction Progress Reaction Progress (a) A chemical reaction is used as the basis of the heat packs that are used for first aid. Which reaction profile, A or B, best represents the enthalpy change for the reaction in this system? Explain the reasons for your choice. Profile (b) Identify the reaction profile (A or B) that represents the progress of the following reaction: 2NO(g) + O₂(g) → 2NO₂(g) ΔΗΘ = -113.14 kJ Profile (c) Calculate the heat energy transferred when when 100.0 g of nitrogen monoxide gas reacts with excess oxygen through the reaction given in part (b). Energy Energy (B)arrow_forwardThe Haber process is very important for agriculture because it converts N2( g) from the atmosphere into bound nitrogen, which can be taken up and used by plants. The Haber process reaction is N2( g) + 3 H2( g)<--->2 NH3( g). The reaction is exothermic but is carried out at relatively high temperatures. Why?arrow_forward5. For the species in the reaction: 2Co(s) + H2(g) 8PF3(g) → 2HCo(PF3)4(l), which component is ΔH0f equal zero?arrow_forward
- Target Equation: (1) Mg(s) + 1/2 O2 (g) → MgO(s)Reactions: (2) MgO (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) ΔH2 = ?(3) Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) ΔH3 = ?(4) H2 (g) + 1/2 O2 (g) → H2O (l) ΔH4 = -285.8 kJ Reaction Mass (grams) of MgO(s) Mass (grams) of Mg(s) Volume (mL) of HCl(aq) Concentration of HCl (mol/L) Initial Temp (°C) Final Temp (°C) 2 0.40 n/a 50.0 1.00 21.5 26.5 3 n/a 0.25 50.0 1.00 22.5 34.0 Using the data above, determine the enthalphy change (ΔH) for reactions (2) and (3). List any assumptions you make.Reaction (2): MgO (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)Reaction (3): Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)arrow_forwardThe balanced equations for two reactions are shown. (1) CH4 + N2 + H2 → CH3N + NH3 (2) CH4 + I2 → CH3I + HI Which statement best explains why reaction 1 requires a greater input of energy than reaction 2? The number of reactants in reaction 1 is greater than the number of reactants in reaction 2. The number of bonds in the reactants in reaction 1 is greater than the number of bonds in the reactants in reaction 2. The bond energy of the products in reaction 1 is less than the bond energy of the products in reaction 2 The bond energy of the reactants in reaction 1 is greater than the bond energy of the reactants in reaction 2.arrow_forwardCalculate delta G for the reaction, 2A (g) + B2(g) —- 2AB(g) given that at 120 C the equilibrium constant of the reaction is 3.12 x 10^5 -41.43 j/mol -41.43 kj/mol None of the above -35.76 kj/mol -414.30 j/molarrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning