Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780073398174
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11.10, Problem 67P
How do we achieve very low temperatures with gas refrigeration cycles?
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What are the four processes that make up the simple ideal vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) cycle? Make sure you mention what is physically happening during each process
Themodynamics question.
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5. A refrigerator with tetrafluoroethane as refrigerant operates with an evaporation
temperature of 247.15 K (-26°C) and a condensation temperature of 300.15 K
(27°C). Saturated liquid refrigerant from the condenser flows through an expansion
valve into the evaporator, from which it emerges as saturated vapor.
(a) For a cooling rate of 5.275 kW, what is the circulation rate of the refrigerant?
(b) By how much would the circulation rate be reduced if the throttle valve were
replaced by a turbine in which the refrigerant expands isentropically?
(c) Suppose the cycle of (a) is modified by the inclusion of a countercurrent heat
exchanger between the condenser and the throttle valve in which heat is transferred
to vapor returning from the evaporator. If liquid from the condenser enters the
exchanger at 300.15 K (27°C) and if vapor from the evaporator enters the
exchanger at 247.15 K (-26°C) and leaves at 294.15 K (21°C), what is the
circulation rate of the refrigerant?
1. A 10-kW cooling load is to be served by operating an ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle with its evaporator at 400 kPa and its condenser at 800 kPa. If the compressor's isentropic efficiency is 68%, calculate the refrigerant mass flow rate and the compressor power requirement when refrigerant-134a is used.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Ch. 11.10 - Why is the reversed Carnot cycle executed within...Ch. 11.10 - Why do we study the reversed Carnot cycle even...Ch. 11.10 - 11–3 A steady-flow Carnot refrigeration cycle uses...Ch. 11.10 - Does the ideal vapor-compression refrigeration...Ch. 11.10 - Why is the throttling valve not replaced by an...Ch. 11.10 - It is proposed to use water instead of...Ch. 11.10 - In a refrigeration system, would you recommend...Ch. 11.10 - Does the area enclosed by the cycle on a T-s...Ch. 11.10 - Consider two vapor-compression refrigeration...Ch. 11.10 - The COP of vapor-compression refrigeration cycles...
Ch. 11.10 - An ice-making machine operates on the ideal...Ch. 11.10 - A 10-kW cooling load is to be served by operating...Ch. 11.10 - 11–13 An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration...Ch. 11.10 - 11–14 Consider a 300 kJ/min refrigeration system...Ch. 11.10 - 11–16 Repeat Prob. 11–14 assuming an isentropic...Ch. 11.10 - 11–17 Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a...Ch. 11.10 - A commercial refrigerator with refrigerant-134a as...Ch. 11.10 - 11–19 Refrigcrant-134a enters the compressor of a...Ch. 11.10 - A refrigerator uses refrigerant-134a as the...Ch. 11.10 - The manufacturer of an air conditioner claims a...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 23PCh. 11.10 - How is the second-law efficiency of a refrigerator...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 25PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 26PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 27PCh. 11.10 - 11–28 Bananas are to be cooled from 28°C to 12°C...Ch. 11.10 - A vapor-compression refrigeration system absorbs...Ch. 11.10 - A refrigerator operating on the vapor-compression...Ch. 11.10 - A room is kept at 5C by a vapor-compression...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 32PCh. 11.10 - 11–33 A refrigeration system operates on the ideal...Ch. 11.10 - When selecting a refrigerant for a certain...Ch. 11.10 - Consider a refrigeration system using...Ch. 11.10 - A refrigerant-134a refrigerator is to maintain the...Ch. 11.10 - A refrigerator that operates on the ideal...Ch. 11.10 - A heat pump that operates on the ideal...Ch. 11.10 - Do you think a heat pump system will be more...Ch. 11.10 - What is a water-source heat pump? How does the COP...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 42PCh. 11.10 - Refrigerant-134a enters the condenser of a...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 45PCh. 11.10 - A heat pump using refrigerant-134a heats a house...Ch. 11.10 - How does the COP of a cascade refrigeration system...Ch. 11.10 - A certain application requires maintaining the...Ch. 11.10 - Consider a two-stage cascade refrigeration cycle...Ch. 11.10 - Can a vapor-compression refrigeration system with...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 52PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 53PCh. 11.10 - Repeat Prob. 1156 for a flash chamber pressure of...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 56PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 57PCh. 11.10 - 11–58 Consider a two-stage cascade refrigeration...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 59PCh. 11.10 - A two-evaporator compression refrigeration system...Ch. 11.10 - A two-evaporator compression refrigeration system...Ch. 11.10 - Repeat Prob. 1163E if the 30 psia evaporator is to...Ch. 11.10 - How does the ideal gas refrigeration cycle differ...Ch. 11.10 - Devise a refrigeration cycle that works on the...Ch. 11.10 - How is the ideal gas refrigeration cycle modified...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 66PCh. 11.10 - How do we achieve very low temperatures with gas...Ch. 11.10 - 11–68E Air enters the compressor of an ideal gas...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 69PCh. 11.10 - Air enters the compressor of an ideal gas...Ch. 11.10 - Repeat Prob. 1173 for a compressor isentropic...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 73PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 74PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 75PCh. 11.10 - A gas refrigeration system using air as the...Ch. 11.10 - An ideal gas refrigeration system with two stages...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 78PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 79PCh. 11.10 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 81PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 82PCh. 11.10 - An absorption refrigeration system that receives...Ch. 11.10 - An absorption refrigeration system receives heat...Ch. 11.10 - Heat is supplied to an absorption refrigeration...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 86PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 87PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 88PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 89PCh. 11.10 - Consider a circular copper wire formed by...Ch. 11.10 - An iron wire and a constantan wire are formed into...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 92PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 93PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 94PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 95PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 96PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 97PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 98PCh. 11.10 - A thermoelectric cooler has a COP of 0.18, and the...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 100PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 101PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 102PCh. 11.10 - Prob. 103RPCh. 11.10 - Prob. 104RPCh. 11.10 - Prob. 105RPCh. 11.10 - A heat pump that operates on the ideal...Ch. 11.10 - A large refrigeration plant is to be maintained at...Ch. 11.10 - Repeat Prob. 11112 assuming the compressor has an...Ch. 11.10 - A heat pump operates on the ideal...Ch. 11.10 - An air conditioner with refrigerant-134a as the...Ch. 11.10 - An air conditioner operates on the...Ch. 11.10 - Consider a two-stage compression refrigeration...Ch. 11.10 - A two-evaporator compression refrigeration system...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 116RPCh. 11.10 - Prob. 117RPCh. 11.10 - Prob. 118RPCh. 11.10 - Consider a regenerative gas refrigeration cycle...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 120RPCh. 11.10 - The refrigeration system of Fig. P11122 is another...Ch. 11.10 - Repeat Prob. 11122 if the heat exchanger provides...Ch. 11.10 - An ideal gas refrigeration system with three...Ch. 11.10 - Derive a relation for the COP of the two-stage...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 129FEPCh. 11.10 - Prob. 130FEPCh. 11.10 - Prob. 131FEPCh. 11.10 - Prob. 132FEPCh. 11.10 - An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 134FEPCh. 11.10 - An ideal gas refrigeration cycle using air as the...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 136FEPCh. 11.10 - Prob. 137FEPCh. 11.10 - Prob. 138FEP
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- Condensers in these refrigerators are all_______cooled.arrow_forwardRefrigerators currently being manufactured in the United States are using______as their refrigerant.arrow_forwardWhat are the approximate temperature ranges tor low-, medium-, and high-temperature refrigeration applications?arrow_forward
- Refrigerant 22 is the working fluid in a Carnot vapor refrigeration cycle for which the evaporator temperature is -30°C. Saturated vapor enters the condenser at 36°C, and saturated liquid exits at the same temperature. The mass flow rate of refrigerant is 10 kg/min. Determine the power input to the compressor, in kW,arrow_forwardWhat is Carnot cycle, Rankine cycle and Refrigeration cycle?arrow_forwardShow your complete solution.arrow_forward
- question 51 An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle that uses refrigerant-134a as its working fluid maintains a condenser at 800 kPa and the evaporator at -12 C. Determine this system’s COP and the amount of power required to service a 150 kW cooling load. What is the mass flow rate of refrigerant in kg/s to 4 decimal places? No need to add units to the answer.arrow_forwardgive answer all questions with explanation.arrow_forwardThe objective of a refrigerator is to remove QL from the cooled space.arrow_forward
- A vapor compression refrigeration system operates on the cycle shown below (from Smith, Van Ness, and Abbott text). The refrigerant is tetrafluoroethane (P-H diagram from Smith, Van Ness, and Abbott text on next page). Determine the circulation rate of the refrigerant (in kg/s), the heat transfer rate in the condenser (in kW), the actual power requirement from compressor (in kW), the overall coefficient of performance of the cycle, and the coefficient of performance of a Carnot refrigeration cycle operating between the same temperature levels. Use the following operating data: Evaporation T = -10°C; Condensation T = 26°C; Compressor Efficiency Factor = 0.8; Refrigeration rate = 500 kJ/s.arrow_forwardA split air conditioning unit operating on vapor compression cycle uses Refrigerant (R-134a). The various state points of refrigerant (R-134a) are shown on the TS diagram. Determine the following a) The refrigerating effect 3 (b) Compressor work 3 (c) The heat rejected in the condenser 2 (d) The COP of heating 2 (e) The tonnage capacity of the unit for the refrigerant mass flow of 0.025 Kg/s.arrow_forwardSUBJECT: THERMODYNAMIC COURSE: II ASSI.LACTURE: NATIQ ABBAS Example 2:- Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigerator as superheated vapor at 0.14 MPa and -10°C at a rate of 0.05 kg/s and leaves at 0.8 MPa and 50°C. The refrigerant is cooled in the condenser to 26°C and 0.72 MPa and is throttled to 0.15 MPa. Disregarding any heat trans fer and pressure drops in the connecting lines between the components; determine (a) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the power input to the compressor, and (b) the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator. Solution: - P 0.14 MPa T=-10 C dut 246.36 kJ/kg OF P 0.8 MPa h2 = 286.69 kJ/kg P 0.72 MPa T= 26 C h3 = 87.83 kJ/kg h3 = h = 87.83 KJ/kg h4 = h3 (throttling) h4 87.83 kJ/kg 0.8 MPa 0.72 MPa/ 26 C 0.15 MPa 0.14 MPa -10°C SUBJECT: THERMODYNAMIC COURSE: II ASSI.LACTURE: NATIQ ABBAS SAMARRA RINGarrow_forward
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