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All Textbook Solutions for Principles of Accounting Volume 2

The managers of an organization are responsible for performing several broad functions. They are ____________________________. planning, controlling, and selling directing, controlling, and evaluating planning, evaluating, and manufacturing planning, controlling, and evaluating Management accountants help the management of an organization in their planning function through ________________________________. monitoring anti-theft systems strategic planning evaluating costs analyzing profits Which of the following is a primary aspect of the evaluating function within an organization? comparing actual results against expected results for products, departments, divisions, or the company as a whole reviewing only the quantitative or financial results of the company setting goals putting controls in place for the upcoming year During the control function, the measurements taken of the performance must be accurate enough to see _______________________________. only positive results deviations and variances the primary focus only the negative results Which of the following is false regarding strategic planning? It is the sole responsibility of supervisors. It will span many years. It should include both short-term and long-term goals. Strategic objectives will be diverse and vary from company to company.Managerial accounting produces information: to meet the needs of external users that is often focused on the future to meet the needs of investors that follows the rules of GAAP Management accounting: emphasizes special-purpose information relates to the company as a whole is limited to strictly cost figures is controlled by GAAP Internal users of accounting information would not include _______________________. managers employees creditors officers External users of accounting information would include ________________. employees managers investors supervisors Which of the following statements is incorrect? The practice of management accounting is fairly flexible. The information gathered from management accounting is not required by law. Management accounting focuses mainly on the internal user. Reports produced using management accounting must follow GAAP.The stockholders of a company are: the owners policy setters responsible and liable for the financial well-being of the company operating within the company as independent shareholders The controller of a corporation: reports to the CFO and is in charge of the finance side of the business reports to the CFO and is in charge of the accounting side of the business reports to the CEO and implements all cash policies reports to the board of directors The Certified Financial Analyst (CFA) certification: only requires a high school diploma is administered by the AICPA consists of three separate exams that must be taken in succession is the most popular certification among accountants in the United States The Certified Management Accountant (CMA) certification: signifies someone specializing in tax accounting requires an associates degree and four years of work experience includes a two-part exam, education requirements, and a work experience requirement is offered to managers who take special courses in accounting Which of the following terms means the ability to work in cross-functional teams in order to complete a task? supervisory skills conceptualization collaboration resource planning Which of the following terms means knowing how a business is run and how it is influenced by external forces, and knowing and understanding the overall industry? A. commercial awareness B. conceptualization C. collaboration D. imagination What is the law that protects investors from fraudulent financial accounting activity? FASB SACS SOX CPAS What year was the Sarbanes-Oxley Act enacted? 2007 1992 1997 2002 When a representative of an organization gives money to another business official in order to gain favor and/or manipulate a business decision, this is known as ______________. whistleblowing bribery buyer debits face value The law that specifically prohibits payments to foreign officials in order to attain business is known as ____________________________. FCPA AICPA SOX IFRS Which of the following is not a step in the outline for examining ethical issues? Establish the facts of the situation. Evaluate each course of action. Make a decision. Confirm decision with FASB.Which of the following is not an objective used in the balanced scorecard approach? Customer Financial Vendor Learning and growth Which of the following is not true regarding continuous improvement? It applies to both service and manufacturing companies. It is used to reduce performance costs. It rejects the idea of good enough. It can be applied only to improve processes and products but not services and practices.A companys attempts to utilize sustainable business practices with regard to its employees, the environment, and society are known as ______________________. a balanced scorecard corporate social responsibility total quality management value chain A process that is often linked to Six Sigma and is designed toward continuous improvement by eliminating waste is ___________________________. A. kamikaze B. value chain C. total quality management D. kaizen An inventory system that organizations use to increase efficiency and decrease waste is ______________________________. corporate social responsibility just-in-time manufacturing total quality management Lean Six Sigma A quality control program that depends on multiple team members for removing waste and diminishing defects within products is _________________. kaizen total quality management Lean Six Sigma a balanced scorecard Carlita believes an important part of the planning process for managers is being sure to position the company to achieve its goals. She thinks that positioning is an extensive concept and can depend on the right information and that managerial accountants assist in positioning the company. Is she correct? Explain.What are some activities and tasks a manager might perform when engaging in the controlling function of management responsibilities?If there are deviations from the stated goals and objectives, what steps can managers take to get back on track? Provide at least two specific examples.Explain how managerial accountants help managers plan, control, and evaluate.How do the subject matter of reports and the verification of reports differ between financial accounting and managerial accounting?What is the purpose of management accounting?Who are the primary users of the information gathered by managerial accountants?What are the key differences between financial accounting and managerial accounting?Other than accounting skills, what six qualities must be prevalent in a managerial accountant?Explain how having more than one of the accounting credentials would be beneficial to an accounting career.Briefly discuss the chain of command for someone being hired into an organization as a staff managerial accountant.According to the information available at http://www.accounting.com/careers/, what are six different areas of accounting on which you can focus your career?According to the information on management accounting available at http://www.accounting.com/careers/, what are some areas of specialization?What other professional business organizations have a code of ethics?How can having a bonus system based purely on sales goals create an environment that encourages unethical behavior?What led to the United States Congress passing the public accounting reform act called Sarbanes Oxley?What is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system? What are the principal benefits of such a system?Describe what is meant by the term balanced in the term balanced scorecard method.What is corporate social responsibility, and who are the stakeholders?Indicate whether each statement describes financial accounting or managerial accounting. The information is directed at external users who are making decisions pertaining to investing, extending credit, and other decisions. The principal users are the organizations managers. The key focus is on the entity as a whole. The rules and principles are very flexible. The information gathered is usually available after an independent audit has been completed.Identify the following as True or False: Managerial accounting reports must comply with the rules set in place by the FASB. Financial accounting reports are typically general-purpose reports. Financial accounting reports pertain to the entity as a whole, whereas managerial accounting focuses more on subunits of the organization. The main users of the financial accounting information are the internal users. Managerial reports are prepared on an as-needed basis. Financial accounting reports often must be audited at least annually by an independent auditor.Define each of these users of accounting information as an internal user of external user Management Employees Investors Creditors Customers Tax authorities Discuss what information would be most useful for these users of accounting information: Management Employees Investors Creditors Customers Tax authorities Taylor Speedy has prepared the following list of statements about managerial accounting, financial accounting, and the functions of management. Identify each statement as true or false. Financial accounting centers on providing information to internal users. Staff positions are directly involved in the companys primary revenue-generating activities. Preparation of budgets is part of financial accounting. Managerial accounting applies only to merchandising and manufacturing companies. Both managerial accounting and financial accounting deal with many of the same economic events.Match the term with the description:After the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002, many new responsibilities were put into place for organizations and their management. What are the four significant issues that were addressed by the act and its provisions as presented in this chapter? How does the act and its various requirements help deter fraudulent activity?Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. Bribery in the world of business typically happens when an organization or representative of an organization gives financial benefits to an official to gain favor or manipulate a business decision. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was implemented in the aftermath of disclosures that businesses were violating the IMA Code of Ethics. Managers are required to follow specific rules issued by the iMA for internal financial reporting. Ethics is more than obeying laws. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act addressed public company accounting reform.Match each lean business method to the best description:For each of the activities listed, choose the manufacturing concept that applies: (i) just-in-time inventory, (ii) continuous improvement, or (iii) total quality management. A company receives inventory daily based on customer orders. Manufacturing factories have been arranged in such a fashion to reduce inefficiencies. Companies organize customer focus groups in order to look at customer needs and expectations. The entire production process is standardized and written down with procedures. Each customer receives a survey of satisfaction with their product. All orders are complete and shipped within three business days.Look up the definitions for the following terms: Budget (Budgeting) Capital budget (Capital Budgeting Decisions) Balanced scorecard (Balanced Scorecard and Other Performance Measures) Break-Even point (Cost Volume Profit Analysis) Provide examples of how each of these terms is used in your own life and how using these practices is useful.Indicate whether the statement describes reporting by the financial accounting function or the managerial accounting function of an organization. The users of the report are managers who need a daily summary of work done each shift. The report is a job cost sheet for jobs completed in a 24-hour period. The annual report is released each year on the companys website. The report is audited by the companys certified public accountant firm. The report is prepared every day because the customer service manager needs information about inventory ready to be shipped to customers.Identify the following as true or false: Financial accounting reports are not released to external users. Managerial accounting reports are not used by employees inside the organization. Managerial accounting reports include only monetary information. Financial accounting reports are monetary in nature. If a result of a companys operations is nonmonetary in nature, it must be converted to monetary units for managerial reporting. Tax authorities and government regulatory agencies are external users of financial information.Companies need to report both monetary and nonmonetary data and information. A. Define these two terms and provide examples of each. B. Discuss what sources are available that provide companies with both types of data and information.Marvin has been thinking about the fields of managerial and financial accounting and the functions of management within an organization. He has the following list of statements to understand. Identify them as true or false. A. Managerial accounting reports are prepared only quarterly and annually. B. Financial accounting reports are general-purpose reports. C. Managerial accounting reports pertain to subunits of the business. D. Managerial accounting reports must comply with GAAP. E. The company treasurer reports directly to the vice president of operations.Match the term with the description.The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FC PA) was implemented in 1977. Why was it enacted, and what are its major provisions?Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley requires the CEO and CFO to review all financial reports and sign the reports. One of the three questions put forth by the Institute of Business Ethics is Do I mind others knowing what I have done? Ethical issues may be faced on a small scale, such as making a business decision to produce excess inventory for the sole purpose of trying to influence managers bonuses. A manager who spends excess budgeted funds remaining at the end of a fiscal year on unnecessary expenditures thinking that it is better to use it than lose it is acting ethically. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was implemented in 2001 to protect investors by enhancing the accuracy and reliability of corporate financial statements and disclosures.Table 1.3 shows how different areas within the business world use the information from managerial accountants. Think of the ways that the events coordinator for the United Way (a nonprofit charitable organization) would use each area (planning, controlling, and evaluation).There are individuals who are under the impression that managerial accounting provides services mainly for manufacturing organizations. Are they correct? Explain.Think about the organization chart in Figure 1.7. Describe ways in which each of the accounting and managerial functions might overlap and complement each other.Controversy tends to surround the topic of whistleblowers. For example, should they be considered heroes or traitors? Many pro-whistleblowing policies have been enacted by the federal government to allow these individuals to reap significant monetary rewards for coming forward and giving information about behaviors and actions such as corporate fraud and unethical deeds. Many corporate whistleblowers face negative consequences of their actions, such as reassignment, revenge, and hate crimes, and are seen as traitors (e.g., Edward Snowden and Gina Gray). Yet Sherron Watkins and Cynthia Cooper were celebrated as heroes. Look up the stories of Sherron Watkins and Cynthia Cooper. Why do you think that some whistleblowers are vilified and others made to be heroes?Which of the following is the primary source of revenue for a service business? A. the production of products from raw materials B. the purchase and resale of finished products C. providing intangible goods and services D. the sale of raw materials to manufacturing firms Which of the following is the primary source of revenue for a merchandising business? A. the production of products from raw materials B. the purchase and resale of finished products C. the provision of intangible goods and services D. the sale of raw materials to manufacturing firms Which of the following is the primary source of revenue for a manufacturing business? A. the production of products from raw materials B. the purchase and resale of finished products C. the provision of intangible goods and services D. both the provision of services and the sale of finished goods Which of the following represents the components of the income statement for a service business Sales Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold = gross profit Service Revenue - Operating Expenses = operating income Sales Revenue - Cost of Goods Manufactured = gross profit Service Revenue - Cost of Goods Purchased = gross profit Which of the following represents the components of the income statement for a manufacturing business? A. Sales Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold = gross profit B. Service Revenue - Operating Expenses = gross profit C. Service Revenue - Cost of Goods Manufactured = gross profit D. Sales Revenue - Cost of Goods Manufactured = gross profit Which of the following represents the components of the income statement for a merchandising business? A. Sales Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold = gross profit B. Service Revenue - Operating Expenses = gross profit C. Sales Revenue - Cost of Goods Manufactured = gross profit D. Service Revenue - Cost of Goods Purchased = gross profit Conversion costs include all of the following except: A. wages of production workers B. depreciation on factory equipment C. factory utilities D. direct materials purchased Which of the following is not considered a product cost? A. direct materials B. direct labor C. indirect materials D. selling expense Fixed costs are expenses that ______________________________ . A. vary in response to changes in activity level B. remain constant on a per-unit basis C. increase on a per-unit basis as activity increases D. remain constant as activity changes Variable costs are expenses that ____________________________ . remain constant on a per-unit basis but change in total based on activity level remain constant on a per-unit basis and remain constant in total regardless of activity level decrease on a per-unit basis as activity level increases remain constant in total regardless of activity level within a relevant range Total costs for ABC Distributing are $250,000 when the activity level is 10,000 units. If variable costs are $5 per unit, what are their fixed costs? $240,000 $200,000 $260,000 Their fixed costs cannot be determined from the information presented.Which of the following would not be classified as manufacturing overhead? A. indirect materials B. indirect labor C. direct labor D. property taxes on factory Which of the following are prime costs? A. indirect materials, indirect labor, and direct labor B. direct labor, indirect materials, and indirect labor C. direct labor and indirect labor D. direct labor and direct materials Which of the following statements is true regarding average fixed costs? A. Average fixed costs per unit remain fixed regardless of level of activity. B. Average fixed costs per unit rise as the level of activity rises. C. Average fixed costs per unit fall as the level of activity rises. D. Average fixed costs per unit cannot be determined.The high-low method and least-squares regression are used by managers to _____________________. A. decide whether to make or buy a component part B. minimize corporate tax liability C. maximize output D. estimate costs Which of the following methods of cost estimation relies on only two data points? A. the high-low method B. account analysis C. least-squares regression D. SWOT analysis.In the cost equation Y=a+bx, Y represents which of the following? A. fixed costs B. variable costs C. total costs D. units of production A scatter graph is used to test the assumption that the relationship between cost and activity level is __________________________. A. curvilinear B. cyclical C. unpredictable D. linear Identify the three primary classifications of businesses and explain the differences among the three.Explain how the income statement of a manufacturing company differs from the income statement of a merchandising company.Walsh & Coggins, a professional accounting firm, collects cost information about the services they provide to their clients. Describe the types of cost data they would collect and explain the importance of analyzing this cost data.Lizzys is a retail clothing store, specializing in formal wear for weddings. They purchase their clothing for resale from specialty distributors and manufacturers. Recently the owners of Lizzys have noted an increased interest in costume jewelry and fashion accessories among their clientele. If the owners of Lizzys decide to expand their business to include these products, what cost data would they need to collect and analyze prior to expanding the business?Identify and describe the three types of product costs in a manufacturing firm.Explain the difference between a period cost and a product cost.Explain the concept of relevant range and how it affects total fixed costs.Explain the differences among fixed costs, variable costs, and mixed costs.Explain the difference between prime costs and conversion costs.Explain how a scatter graph is used to identify and measure cost behavior.Explain the components of the total cost equation and describe how each of the components can be used by management for decision-making.Explain how the high-low method is used for cost estimation. What, if any, are the limitations of this approach to cost estimation?Magio Company manufactures kitchen equipment used in hospitals. They distribute their products directly to the customer and, for the year ending 2019, they reported the these revenues and expenses. Use this information to construct an income statement for the year 2019.Park and West, LLC, provides consulting services to retail merchandisers in the Midwest. In 2019, they generated $720,000 in service revenue. Their total cost (fixed and variable) per client was $2,500 and they served 115 clients during the year. If operating expenses for the year were $302,000 what was their net income?Canine Couture is a specialty dog clothing boutique that sells clothing and clothing accessories for dogs. In 2019, they had gross revenue from sales totaling $86,500. Their operating expenses for this same period were $27,500. If their Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) was 24% of gross revenue, what was their net operating income for the year?Hicks Contracting collects and analyzes cost data in order to track the cost of installing decks on new home construction jobs. The following are some of the costs that they incur. Classify these costs as fixed or variable costs and as product or period costs. Lumber used to construct decks ($12.00 per square foot) Carpenter labor used to construct decks ($10 per hour) Construction supervisor salary ($45,000 per year) Depreciation on tools and equipment ($6,000 per year) Selling and administrative expenses ($35,000 per year) Rent on corporate office space ($34,000 per year) Nails, glue, and other materials required to construct deck (varies per job)Rose Company has a relevant range of production between 10,000 and 25.000 units. The following cost data represents average cost per unit for 15,000 units of production. Using the cost data from Rose Company, answer the following questions: If 10,000 units are produced, what is the variable cost per unit? If 18,000 units are produced, what is the variable cost per unit? If 21,000 units are produced, what are the total variable costs? If 11,000 units are produced, what are the total variable costs? If 19,000 units are produced, what are the total manufacturing overhead costs incurred? If 23,000 units are produced, what are the total manufacturing overhead costs incurred? If 19,000 units are produced, what are the per unit manufacturing overhead costs incurred? If 25,000 units are produced, what are the per unit manufacturing overhead costs incurred?Carr Company provides human resource consulting services to small- and medium-sized companies. Last year, Carr provided services to 700 clients. Total fixed costs were $159.000 with total variable costs of $87x500. Based on this information, complete this chart:Western Trucking operates a fleet of delivery trucks. The fixed expenses to operate the fleet are $79,900 in March and rose to $93,120 in April. It costs Western Trucking $0.15 per mile in variable costs. In March, the delivery trucks were driven a total of 85,000 miles, and in April,. they were driven a total of 96,000 miles. Using this information, answer the following: A. What were the total costs to operate the fleet in March and April, respectively? B. What were the cost per mile to operate the fleet in March and April, respectively?Suppose that a company has fixed costs of $18 per unit and variable costs $9 per unit when 15,000 units are produced. What are the fixed costs per unit when 12,000 units are produced?The cost data for Evencoat Paint for the year 2019 is as follows: Using the high-low method, express the companys maintenance costs as an equation where x represents the gallons of paint produced. Then estimate the fixed and variable costs. Predict the maintenance costs i190,000 gallons of paint are produced. Predict the maintenance costs if 81,000 gallons of paint are produced. Using Excel, create a scatter graph of the cost data and explain the relationship between gallons of paint produced and equipment maintenance expenses.This cost data from Hickory Furniture is for the year 2017. Using the high-low method, express the companys utility costs as an equation where X represents number of tables produced. Predict the utility costs if 800 tables are produced. Predict the utility costs if 600 tables are produced. Using Excel, create a scatter graph of the cost data and explain the relationship between number of tables produced and utility expenses.Markson and Sons leases a copy machine with terms that include a fixed fee each month plus acharge for each copy made. Markson made 9,000 copies and paid a total of $480 in January. In April, they paid $320 for 5,000 copies. What is the variable cost per copy if Markson uses the high-low method to analyze costs?Markson and Sons leases a copy machine with terms that include a fixed fee each month of $500 plus a charge for each copy made. The company uses the high-low method to analyze costs. If Markson paid $360 for 5,000 copies and $280 for 3,000 copies, how much would Markson pay if it made 7,500 copies?Winterfell Products manufactures electrical switches for the aerospace industry. For the year ending 2019, they reported these revenues and expenses. Use this information to construct an income statement for the year 2019.CPK ** Associates is a mid-size legal firm, specializing in closings and real estate law in the south. In 2019, they generated $945,000 in sales revenue. Their expenses related to this year’s revenue are shown: Based on the information provided for the year, what was their net operating income?Flip or Flop is a retail shop selling a wide variety of sandals and beach footwear. In 2019, they had gross revenue from sales totaling $93,200. Their operating expenses for this same period were $34,000. If their Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) was 21% of gross revenue, what was their net operating income for the year?Roper Furniture manufactures office furniture and tracks cost data across their process. The following are some of the costs that they incur. Classify these costs as fixed or variable costs, and as product costs or period costs. Wood used to produce desks ($125,00 per desk) Production labor used to produce desks ($15 per hour) Production supervisor salary ($45,000 per year) Depreciation on factory equipment ($60,000 per year) Selling and administrative expenses ($45,000 per year) Rent on corporate office ($44,000 per year) Nails, glue, and other materials required to produce desks (varies per desk) Utilities expenses for production facility Sales staff commission (5% of gross sales)Baxter Company has a relevant range of production between 15,000 and 30,000 units. The following cost data represents average variable costs per unit for 25,000 units of production. Using the costs data from Rose Company, answer the following questions: A. If 15,000 units are produced, what is the variable cost per unit? B. If 28,000 units are produced, what is the variable cost per unit? C. If 21,000 units are produced, what are the total variable costs? D. If 29,000 units are produced, what are the total variable costs? E. If 17,000 units are produced, what are the total manufacturing overhead costs incurred? F. If 23,000 units are produced, what are the total manufacturing overhead costs incurred? G. If 30,000 units are produced, what are the per unit manufacturing overhead costs incurred? H. If 15,000 units are produced, what are the per unit manufacturing overhead costs incurred?Sanchez & Vukmin, LLP, is a full-service accounting firm located near Chicago, Illinois. Last year, Sanchez provided tax preparation services to 500 clients. Total fixed costs were $265,000 with total variable costs of $180,000. Based on this information, complete this chart.Case Airlines provides charter airline services. The fixed expenses to operate the companys aircraft are $377,300 in January and $378,880 in February. It costs Case Airlines $0.45 per mile in variable costs. In January, Case aircraft flew a total of 385,000 miles, and in February, Case aircraft flew a total of 296,000 miles. Using this information, answer the following: A. What were the total costs to operate the aircraft in January and February, respectively? B. What were the total costs per mile to operate the fleet in January and February, respectively?Suppose that a company has fixed costs of $11 per unit and variable costs $6 per unit when 11,000 units are produced. What are the fixed costs per unit when 20,000 units are produced?The cost data for BC Billing Solutions for the year 2020 is as follows: Using the high-low method, express the companys overtime wages as an equation where x represents number of invoices processed. Assume BC has monthly fixed costs of $3,800. Predict the overtime wages if 9,000 invoices are processed. Predict the overtime wages if 6,500 invoices are processed. Using Excel, create a scatter graph of the cost data and explain the relationship between the number of invoices processed and overtime wage expense.This cost data from Hickory Furniture is for the year 2017. Using the high-low method, express the factory utility expenses as an equation where x represents number of chairs produced. Predict the utility costs if 900 chairs are produced. Predict the utility costs if 750 chairs are produced. Using Excel, create a scatter graph of the cost data and explain the relationship between number of chairs processed and utility expenses.Able Transport operates a tour bus that they lease with terms that involve a fixed fee each month plus a charge for each mile driven. Able Transport drove the tour bus 4,000 miles and paid a total of $1,250 in March. In April, they paid $970 for 3.000 miles. What is the variable cost per mile if Able Transport uses the high-low method to analyze costs?Able Transport operates a tour bus that they lease with terms that involve a fixed fee each month plus a charge for each mile driven. Able Transport drove the bus 7,000 miles and paid a total of $1,360 in June. In October. Able Transport paid $1,280 for the 5,000 miles driven. If Able Transport uses the high-low method to analyze costs, how much would Able Transport pay in December, if they drove 6,000 miles?Ballentine Manufacturing produces and sells lawnmowers through a national dealership network. They purchase raw materials from a variety of suppliers, and all manufacturing and assembly work is performed at their plant outside of Kansas City. Missouri. They recorded these costs for the year ending December 31, 2017. Construct an income statement for Ballentine Manufacturing to reflect their net income for 2017.Tom West is a land surveyor who operates a small surveying company, performing surveys for both residential and commercial clients. He has a staff of surveyors and engineers who are employed by the firm. For the year ending December 31, 2017, he reported these income and expenses. Using this information, construct an income statement to reflect his net income for 2017.Just Beachy is a retail business located on the coast of Florida where it sells a variety of beach apparel, T-shirts, and beach-related souvenir items. They purchase all of their inventory from wholesalers and distributors. For the year ending December 31, 2017, they reported these revenues and expenses. Using this information, prepare an income statement for Just Beachy for 2017.Listed as follows are various costs found in businesses. Classify each cost as a fixed or variable cost, and as a product and/or period cost. Wages of administrative staff Shipping costs on merchandise sold Wages of workers assembling computers Cost of lease on factory equipment Insurance on factory Direct materials used in production of lamps Supervisor salary, factory Advertising costs Property taxes, factory Health insurance cost for company executives Rent on factory Wachowski Company reported these cost data for the year 2017. Use the data to complete the following table. Total prime costs Total manufacturing overhead costs Total conversion costs Total product costs Total period costs Carolina Yachts builds custom yachts in its production factory in South Carolina. Once complete, these yachts must be shipped to the dealership. They have collected this shipping cost data: Prepare a scatter graph of the shipping data. Plot cost on the vertical axis and yachts shipped on the horizontal axis. Is the relationship between shipping costs and unit shipped approximately linear? Draw a straight line through the scatter graph. Using the high-low method, create the cost formula for Carolina Yachts shipping costs. The least-squares regression method was used and the analysis resulted in this cost equation: Y= 4,000+ 1,275x. Comment on the accuracy of your high-low method estimation. What would you estimate shipping costs to be if Carolina Yachts shipped 10 yachts in a single month? Use the cost formula you obtained in part B. Comment on how accurately this is reflected by the scatter graph you constructed. What factors other than number of yachts shipped do you think could affect Carolina Yachts shipping expense? Explain.Hicks Products produces and sells patio furniture through a national dealership network. They purchase raw materials from a variety of suppliers and all manufacturing, and assembly work is performed at their plant outside of Cleveland, Ohio. They recorded these costs for the year ending December 31, 2017. Construct an income statement for Hicks Products, to reflect their net income for 2017.Conner ** Scheer, Attorneys at Law, provide a wide range of legal services for their clients. They employ several paralegal and administrative support staff in order to provide high-quality legal services at competitive prices. For the year ending December 31, 2017, the firm reported these income and expenses. Using this information, construct an income statement to reflect the firm’s net income for 2017.Puzzles, Pranks ** Games is a retail business selling children’s toys and games as well as a wide selection of jigsaw puzzles and accessories. They purchase their inventory from local and national wholesale suppliers. For the year ending December 31, 2017, they reported these revenues and expenses. Using this information, prepare an income statement for Puzzles, Pranks & Games for 2017.Pocket Umbrella, Inc. is considering producing a new type of umbrella. This new pocket-sized umbrella would fit into a coat pocket or purse. Classify the following costs of this new product as direct materials, direct labor, manufacturing overhead, or selling and administrative. Cost of advertising the product Fabric used to make the umbrellas Maintenance of cutting machines used to cut the umbrella fabric so it will fit the umbrella frame Wages of workers who assemble the product Presidents salary The salary of the supervisor of the people who assemble the product Wages of the product tester who stands in a shower to make sure the umbrellas do not leak Cost of market research survey Salary of the companys sales managers Depreciation of administrative office building Using the costs listed in the previous problem, classify the costs as either product costs or period costs.Gadell Farms produces venison sausage that is distributed to grocery stores throughout the Southeast. They have collected this shipping cost data: Prepare a scatter graph of the shipping data. Plot cost on the vertical axis and tons produced on the horizontal axis. Is the relationship between packaging costs and tons produced approximately linear? Draw a straight line through the scatter graph. Using the high-low method, estimate the cost formula for Gadell Farms packaging costs. The least-squares regression method was used and the analysis resulted in this cost equation: Y= 1650 + 78.57x. Comment on the accuracy of your high-low method estimation. What would you estimate packaging costs to be if Gadell Farms shipped 10 tons in a single month? Use the cost formula you obtained in part B. Comment on how accurately this is reflected by the scatter graph you constructed. What factors other than number of tons produced do you think could affect Gadell Farms packaging expense? Explain.In a team of two or three students, interview the manager/owner of a local business. In this interview, ask the manager/owner the following questions: A. Does the business collect and use cost information to make decisions? B. Does it have a specialist in cost estimation who works with this cost data? If not, who is responsible for the collection of cost information? Be as specific as possible. C. What type of cost information does the business collect and how is each type of information used? D. How important does the owner/manager believe cost information is to the success of the business? Then, write a report to the instructor summarizing the results of the interview. Content of the memo must include date of the interview, the name and title of the person interviewed, name and location of the business, type of business (service, merchandising, manufacturing) and brief description of the goods/services provided by the business, and responses to questions A-D.This list contains costs that various organizations incur; they fall into three categories: direct materials (DM), direct labor (DL), or overhead (OH).t Classify each of these items as direct materials, direct labor, or overhead. Glue used to attach labels to bottles containing a patented medicine. Compressed air used in operating paint sprayers for Student Painters, a company that paints houses and apartments. Insurance on a factory building and equipment. A production department supervisors salary. Rent on factory machinery. Iron ore in a steel mill. Oil, gasoline, and grease for forklift trucks in a manufacturing companys warehouse. Services of painters in building construction. Cutting oils used in machining operations. Cost of paper towels in a factory employees washroom. Payroll taxes and fringe benefits related to direct labor. The plant electricians salaries. Crude oil to an oil refinery. Copy editors salary in a book publishing company. Assume your classifications could be challenged in a court case. Indicate to your attorneys which of your answers for part a might be successfully disputed by the opposing attorneys and why. In which answers are you completely confident?The amount of a units sales price that helps to cover fixed expenses is its ____________________. A. contribution margin B. profit C. variable cost D. stepped cost A companys product sells for $150 and has variable costs of $60 associated with the product. What is its contribution margin per unit? A. $40 B. $60 C. $90 D. $150 A companys product sells for $150 and has variable costs of $60 associated with the product. What is its contribution margin ratio? A.10% B.40% C. 60% D. 90%A companys contribution margin per unit is $25. It the company increases its activity level from 200 units to 350 units, how much will its total contribution margin increase? A. $1,250 B. $3,750 C. $5.000 D. $8,750 A company sells its products for $80 per unit and has per-unit variable costs of $30. What is the contribution margin per unit? A. $30 B. $50 C. $80 D. $110 If a company has fixed costs of $6.000 per month and their product that sells for $200 has a contribution margin ratio of 30%, how many units must they sell in order to break even? A. 100 B. 180 C. 200 D. 2,000 Company A wants to earn $5,000 profit in the month of January. If their fixed costs are $10,000 and their product has a per-unit contribution margin of $250, how many units must they sell to reach their target income? A.20 B. 40 C. 60 D. 120 A company has wants to earn an income of $60,000 after-taxes. If the tax rate is 32%, what must be the companys pre-tax income in order to have $60,000 after-taxes? A. $88,235 B. $19,200 C. $79,200 D. $143,000 A company has pre-tax or operating income of $120,000. If the tax rate is 40%, what is the companys after-tax income? A. $300,000 B. $240,000 C. $48,000 D. $72,000 When sales price increases and all other variables are held constant, the break-even point will A. remain unchanged _________________________. B. increase C. decrease D. produce a lower contribution margin When sales price decreases and all other variables are held constant, the break-even point will _______________________. A. remain unchanged B. increase C. decrease D. produce a higher contribution margin When variable costs increase and all other variables remain unchanged, the break-even point will ____________________. A. remain unchanged B. increase C. decrease D. produce a lower contribution margin When fixed costs decrease and all other variables remain unchanged, the break-even point will _______________. A. remain unchanged B. increase C. decrease D. produce a lower contribution margin When fixed costs increase and all other variables remain unchanged, the contribution margin will A. remain unchanged _____________________. B. increase C. decrease D. increase variable costs per unit If the sales mix in a multi-product environment shifts to a higher volume in low contribution margin products, the break-even point will ____________________________________ . A. remain unchanged because all products are included in the calculation of break-even B. increase because the low contribution margin products have little effect on break-even C. increase because the per composite unit contribution margin will decrease D. decrease because the per composite unit contribution margin will increase Break-even for a multiple product firm. can be calculated by dividing total fixed costs by the contribution margin of a composite unit can be calculated by multiplying fixed costs by the contribution margin ratio of a composite unit can only be calculated when the proportion of products sold is the same for all products can be calculated by multiplying fixed costs by the contribution margin ratio of the most common product in the sales mix Waskowski Company sells three products (A. B. and C) with a sales mix of 3:2:1. Unit sales price are shown. What is the sales price per composite unit? A. $17.00 B. $25.00 C. $35.00 D. $20.00 Beaucheau Farms sells three products (E, F, and G) with a sale mix ratio of 3:1:2. Unit sales price are shown. What is the sales price per composite unit? A. $28.00 B. $20.00 C. $59.00 D. $41.00 A company sells two products, Model 101 and Model 202. For every one unit of Model 101, they sell they sell two units of Model 202. Sales and cost information for the two products is shown. What is the contribution margin for a composite unit based on the sales mix? $14 $21 $35 $56 Wallace Industries has total contribution margin of $58,560 and net income of $24,400 for the month of April. Wallace expects sales volume to increase by 5% in May. What are the degree of operating leverage and the expected percent change in income for Wallace Industries? 0.42 and 2.2% 0.42and5% 2.4andl2% 2.Sandl3%Macom Manufacturing has total contribution margin of $61,250 and net income of $24,500 for the month of June. Marcus expects sales volume to increase by 10% in July. What are the degree of operating leverage and the expected percent change in income for Macom Manufacturing? 0.4 and 10% 2.5 and 10% 2.5 and 25% 5.0 and 50%If a firm has a contribution margin of $59,690 and a net income of $12,700 for the current month, what is their degree of operating leverage? A. 0.18 B. 1.18 C. 2.4 D. 4.7 If a firm has a contribution margin of $78M90 and a net income of $13,700 for the current month, what is their degree of operating leverage? 0.21 1.21 2.4 5.7 Define and explain contribution margin on a per unit basis.Define and explain contribution margin ratio.Explain how a contribution margin income statement can be used to determine profitability.In a cost-volume-profit analysis, explain what happens at the break-even point and why companies do not want to remain at the break-even point.What is meant by a products contribution margin ratio and how is this ratio useful in planning business operations?Explain how a manager can use CVP analysis to make decisions regarding changes in operations or pricing structure.After conducting a CVP analysis, most businesses will then recreate a revised or projected income statement incorporating the results of the CVP analysis. What is the benefit of taking this extra step in the analysis?Explain how for is possible for costs to change without changing the break-even point.Explain what a sales mix is and how changes in the sales mix affect the break-even point.Explain how break-even analysis for a multi-product company differs from a company selling a single product.Explain margin of safety and why it is an important measurement for managers.Define operating leverage and explain its importance to a company and how it relates to risk.Calculate the per-unit contribution margin of a product that has a sale price of $200 if the variable costs per unit are $65.Calculate the per-unit contribution margin of a product that has a sale price of $400 if the variable costs per unit are $165.A product has a sales price of $150 and a per-unit contribution margin of $50. What is the contribution margin ratio?A product has a sales price of $250 and a per-unit contribution margin of $75. What is the contribution margin ratio?Maple Enterprises sells a single product with a selling price of $75 and variable costs per unit of $30. The companys monthly fixed expenses are $22,500. What is the companys break-even point in units? What is the companys break-even point in dollars? Construct a contribution margin income statement for the month of September when they will sell 900 units. How many units will Maple need to sell in order to reach a target profit of $45,000? What dollar sales will Maple need in order to reach a target profit of $45,000? Construct a contribution margin income statement for Maple that reflects $150,000 in sales volume.Marlin Motors sells a single product with a selling price of $400 with variable costs per unit of $160. The companys monthly fixed expenses are $36,000. What is the companys break-even point in units? What is the companys break-even point in dollars? Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the month of November when they will sell 130 units. How many units will Marlin need to sell in order to realize a target profit of $48,000? What dollar sales will Marlin need to generate in order to realize a target profit of $48.000? Construct a contribution margin income statement for the month of February that reflects $200,000 in sales revenue for Marlin Motors.Flanders Manufacturing is considering purchasing a new machine that will reduce variable costs per part produced by $0.15. The machine will increase fixed costs by $18,250 per year. The information they will use to consider these changes is shown here.Marchete Company produces a single product. They have recently received the results of a market survey that indicates that they can increase the retail price of their product by 8% without losing customers or market share. All other costs will remain unchanged. Their most recent CVP analysis is shown. If they enact the 8% price increase, what will be their new break-even point in units and dollars?Brahma Industries sells vinyl replacement windows to home improvement retailers nationwide. The national sales manager believes that if they invest an additional $25,000 in advertising, they would increase sales volume by 10,000 units. Prepare a forecasted contribution margin income statement for Brahma if they incur the additional advertising costs, using this information:Salvador Manufacturing builds and sells snowboards, skis and poles. The sales price and variable cost for each are shown:Salvador Manufacturing builds and sells snowboards, skis and poles. The sales price and variable cost for each follows: Their sales mix is reflected in the ratio 7:3:2. If annual fixed costs shared by the three products are $196,200, how many units of each product will need to be sold in order for Salvador to break even?Use the information from the previous exercises involving Salvador Manufacturing to determine their break-even point in sales dollars.Company A has current sales of $10,000,000 and a 45% contribution margin. Its fixed costs are $3,000,000. Company B is a service firm with current service revenue of $5,000,000 and a 20% contribution margin. Company Bs fixed costs are $500,000. Compute the degree of operating leverage for both companies. Which company will benefit most from a 25% increase in sales? Explain why.Marshall s target margin of safety be in units and dollars if they required a $14,000 margin of safety?Calculate the per-unit contribution margin of a product that has a sale price of $150 if the variable costs per unit are $40.Calculate the per-unit contribution margin of a product that has a sale price of $350 if the variable costs per unit are $95.A product has a sales price of $175 and a per-unit contribution margin of $75. What is the contribution margin ratio?A product has a sales price of $90 and a per-unit contribution margin of $30. What is the contribution margin ratio?Cadre, Inc., sells a single product with a selling price of $120 and variable costs per unit of $90. The companys monthly fixed expenses are $180,000. What is the companys break-even point in units? What is the companys break-even point in dollars? Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the month of October when they will sell 10,000 units. How many units will Cadre need to sell in order to realize a target profit of $300,000? What dollar sales will Cadre need to generate in order to realize a target profit of $300,000? Construct a contribution margin income statement for the month of August that reflects $2,400,000 in sales revenue for Cadre, Inc.Kerr Manufacturing sells a single product with a selling price of $600 with variable costs per unit of $360. The companys monthly fixed expenses are $72,000. What is the companys break-even point in units? What is the companys break-even point in dollars? Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the month of January when they will sell 500 units. How many units will Kerr need to sell in order to realize a target profit of $120,000? What dollar sales will Kerr need to generate in order to realize a target profit of $120,000? Construct a contribution margin income statement for the month of June that reflects $600,000 in sales revenue for Kerr Manufacturing.Delta Co. sells a product for $150 per unit. The variable cost per unit is $90 and fixed costs are $15,250. Delta Co.s tax rate is 36% and the company wants to earn $44,000 after taxes. What would be Deltas desired pre-tax income? What would be break-even point in units to reach the income goal of $44,000 after taxes? What would be break-even point in sales dollars to reach the income goal of $44000 after taxes? Create a contribution margin income statement to show that the break-even point calculated in B, generates the desired after-tax income.Shonda & Shonda is a company that does land surveys and engineering consulting. They have an opportunity to purchase new computer equipment that will allow them to render their drawings and surveys much more quickly. The new equipment will cost them an additional $1.200 per month, but they will be able to increase their sales by 10% per year. Their current annual cost and break-even figures are as follows: A. What will be the impact on the break-even point if Shonda & Shonda purchases the new computer? B. What will be the impact on net operating income if Shonda & Shonda purchases the new computer? C. What would be your recommendation to Shonda & Shonda regarding this purchase?Baghdad Company produces a single product. They have recently received the result of a market survey that indicates that they can increase the retail price of their product by 10% without losing customers or market share. All other costs will remain unchanged. If they enact the 10% price increase, what will be their new break-even point in units and dollars? Their most recent CVP analysis is:Keleher Industries manufactures pet doors and sells them directly to the consumer via their web site. The marketing manager believes that if the company invests in new software, they will increase their sales by 10%. The new software will increase fixed costs by $400 per month. Prepare a forecasted contribution margin income statement for Keleher Industries reflecting the new software cost and associated increase in sales. The previous annual statement is as follows:Manufacturing builds and sells switch harnesses for glove boxes. The sales price and variable cost for each follows: Their sales mix is reflected in the ratio 4:4:1. What is the overall unit contribution margin for JJ Manufacturing with their current product mix?Manufacturing builds and sells switch harnesses for glove boxes. The sales price and variable cost for each follows: Their sales mix is reflected in the ratio 4:4:1. If annual fixed costs shared by the three products are $1 8840 how many units of each product will need to be sold in order forJj to break even?Use the information from the previous exercises involving JJ Manufacturing to determine their break-even point in sales dollars.Company A has current sales of $4,000,000 and a 45% contribution margin. Its fixed costs are $600,000. Company B is a service firm with current service revenue of $2,800,000 and a 15% contribution margin. Company Bs fixed costs are $375,000. Compute the degree of operating leverage for both companies. Which company will benefit most from a 15% increase in sales? Explain why.Best Wholesale recently calculated their break-even point for their Midwest operations. The national sales manager has asked them to include a $10,500 margin of safety in their calculations. Using the following information, recalculate Best Wholesales break-even point in units and dollars with the $10,500 margin of safety included.A company sells small motors as a component part to automobiles. The Model 101 motor sells for $850 and has per-unit variable costs of $400 associated with its production. The company has fixed expenses of $90,000 per month. In August, the company sold 425 of the Model 101 motors. A. Calculate the contribution margin per unit for the Model 101. B. Calculate the contribution margin ratio of the Model 101. C. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the month of August.A company manufactures and sells racing bicycles to specialty retailers. The Bomber model sells for $450 and has per-unit variable costs of $200 associated with its production. The company has fixed expenses of $40,000 per month. In May, the company sold 225 of the Bomber model bikes. A. Calculate the contribution margin per unit for the Bomber. B. Calculate the contribution margin ratio of the Bomber. C. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the month of May.Fill in the missing amounts for the four companies. Each case is independent of the others. Assume that only one product is being sold by each company.Markham Farms reports the following contribution margin income statement for the month of August. The company has the opportunity to purchase new machinery that will reduce its variable cost per unit by $2 but will increase fixed costs by 15%. Prepare a projected contribution margin income statement for Markham Farm assuming it purchases the new equipment. Assume sales level remains unchanged.Kylies Cookies is considering the purchase of a larger oven that will cost $2,200 and will increase her fixed costs by $59. What would happen if she purchased the new oven to realize the variable cost savings of $0.10 per cookie, and what would happen if she raised her price by just $0.20? She feels confident that such a small price increase will decrease the sales by only 25 units and may help her offset the increase in fixed costs. Given the following current prices how would the break-even in units and dollars change if she doesnt increase the selling price and if she does increase the selling price? Complete the monthly contribution margin income statement for each of these cases.Morris Industries manufactures and sells three products (AA, BB, and CC). The sales price and unit variable cost for the three products are as follows: Their sales mix s reflected as a ratio of 5:3:2. Annual fixed costs shared by the three products are $25,000 per year. What are total variable costs for Morris with their current product mix? Calculate the number of units of each product that will need to be sold in order for Morris to break even. What is their break-even point in sales dollars? Using an income statement format, prove that this is the break-even point.Manatoah Manufacturing produces 3 models of window air conditioners: model 101, model 201, and model 301. The sales price and variable costs for these three models are as follows: The current product mix is 4:3:2. The three models share total fixed costs of $430,000. Calculate the sales price per composite unit. What is the contribution margin per composite unit? Calculate Manatoahs break-even point in both dollars and units. Using an income statement format, prove that this is the break-even point.Jakarta Company is a service firm with current service revenue of $400,000 and a 40% contribution margin. Its fixed costs are $80,000. Maldives Company has current sales of $6,610,000 and a 45% contribution margin. Its fixed costs are $1,800,000. What is the margin of safety for jaka rta and Maldives? Compare the margin of safety in dollars between the two companies. Which is stronger? Compare the margin of safety in percentage between the two companies. Now, which one is stronger? Compute the degree of operating leverage for both companies. Which company will benefit most from a 15% increase in sales? Explain why. Illustrate your findings in an Income Statement that is increased by 15%.A company sells mulch by the cubic yard. Grade A much sells for $150 per cubic yard and has variable costs of $65 per cubic yard. The company has fixed expenses of $15,000 per month. In August, the company sold 240 cubic yards of Grade A mulch. A. Calculate the contribution margin per unit for Grade A mulch. B. Calculate the contribution margin ratio of the Grade A mulch. C. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the month of August.A company manufactures and sells blades that are used in riding lawnmowers. The 18-inch blade sells for $15 and has per-unit variable costs of $4 associated with its production. The company has fixed expenses of $85,000 per month. In January, the company sold 12,000 of the 18-inch blades. A. Calculate the contribution margin per unit for the 18-inch blade. B. Calculate the contribution margin ratio of the 18-inch blade. C. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the month of January.Fill in the missing amounts for the four companies. Each case is independent of the others. Assume that only one product is being sold by each company.West Island distributes a single product. The companys sales and expenses for the month of June are shown. Using the information presented, answer these questions: A. What is the break-even point in units sold and dollar sales? B. What is the total contribution margin at the break-even point? C. If West Island wants to earn a profit of $21,000, how many units would they have to sell? D. Prepare a contribution margin income statement that reflects sales necessary to achieve the target profit.Wellington, Inc., reports the following contribution margin income statement for the month of May. The company has the opportunity to purchase new machinery that will reduce its variable cost per unit by $10 but will increase fixed costs by 20%. Prepare a projected contribution margin income statement for Wellington, Inc., assuming it purchases the new equipment. Assume sales level remains unchanged.Karens Quilts is considering the purchase of a new Long-arm Quilt Machine that will cost $17,500 and will increase her fixed costs by $119. What would happen if she purchased the new quilt machine to realize the variable cost savings of $5.00 per quilt, and what would happen if she raised her price by just $5.00? She feels confident that such a small price increase will not decrease the sales in units that will help her offset the increase in fixed costs. Given the following current prices how would the break-even in units and dollars change? Complete the monthly contribution margin income statement for each of these cases.Abilene Industries manufactures and sells three products (XX, W, and ZZ). The sales price and unit variable cost for the three products are as follows: Their sales mix is reflected as a ratio of 4:2:1. Annual fixed costs shared by the three products are $345.000 per year. What are total variable costs for Abilene with their current product mix? Calculate the number of units of each product that will need to be sold in order for Abilene to break even. What is their break-even point in sales dollars? Using an income statement format, prove that this is the break-even point.Tim-Buck-Il rents jet skis at a beach resort. There are three models available to rent: Junior, Adult, and Expert. The rental price and variable costs for these three models are as follows: The current product mix is 5:4:1. The three models share total fixed costs of $1 14,750 A. Calculate the sales price per composite unit. B. What is the contribution margin per composite unit? C. Calculate Tim-Buck-IIs break-even point in both dollars and units. D. Using an income statement format, prove that this is the break-even point.Fire Company is a service firm with current service revenue of $900,000 and a 40% contribution margin. Its fixed costs are $200,000. Ice Company has current sales of $420,000 and a 30% contribution margin. Its fixed costs are $90,000. What is the margin of safety for Fire and Ice? Compare the margin of safety in dollars between the two companies. Which is stronger? Compare the margin of safety in percentage between the two companies. Now which one is stronger? Compute the degree of operating leverage for both companies. Which company will benefit most from a 10% increase in sales? Explain why. Illustrate your findings in an Income Statement that is increased by 10%.Mariana Manufacturing and Bellow Brothers compete in the same industry and in all respects their products are virtually identical. However, most of Marianas costs are fixed while Bellows costs are primarily variable. If sales increase for both companies, which will realize the greatest increase in profits? Why?Roald is the sales manager for a small regional manufacturing firm you own. You have asked him to put together a plan for expanding into nearby markets. You know that Roalds previous job had him working closely with many of your competitors in this new market, and you believe he will be able to facilitate the company expansion. He is to prepare a presentation to you and your partners outlining his strategy for taking the company into this expanded market. The day before the presentation, Roald comes to you and explains that he will not be making a presentation on market expansion but instead wants to discuss several ways he believes the company can reduce both fixed and variable costs. Why would Roald want to focus on reducing costs rather than on expanding into a new market?As a manager, you have to choose between two options for new production equipment. Machine A will increase fixed costs by a substantial margin but will produce greater sales volume at the current price. Machine B will only slightly increase fixed costs but will produce considerable savings on variable cost per unit. No additional sales are anticipated if Machine B is selected. What are the relative merits of both machines, and how could you go about analyzing which machine is the better investment for the company in terms of both net operating income and break-even?Coutures Creations is considering offering Joe, an hourly employee, the opportunity to become a salaried employee. Why is this a good idea for Coutures Creations? Is this a good idea for Joe? What if Coutures Creations entices Joe to agree to the change by offering him a salaried position with no risk of layoff during the winter lull? What if Joe agrees and Coutures Creations lays him off anyway six months into the agreement?Which of the following product situations is better suited to job order costing than to process costing? A. Each product batch is exactly the same as the prior batch. B. The costs are easily traced to a specific product. C. Costs are accumulated by department. D. The value of work in process is based on assigning standard costs.A job order costing system is most likely used by which of the following? a pet food manufacturer a paper manufacturing company an accounting firm specializing in tax returns a stereo manufacturing company Which of the following is a prime cost? A. indirect materials B. direct labor C. administrative expenses D. factory depreciation expenses Which of the following is a conversion cost? raw materials direct materials administrative expenses factory depreciation expenses During production, to what are the costs in job order costing applied? A. manufacturing overhead B. cost of goods sold C. each individual product D. each individual department Which document lists the inventory that will be removed from the raw materials inventory? A. job cost sheet B. purchase order C. materials requisition form D. receiving document Which document shows the cost of direct materials, direct labor, and overhead applied for each specific job? A. job cost sheet B. purchase order C. materials requisition form D. receiving document Which document lists the total direct materials used in a specific job? A. job cost sheet B. purchase order C. materials requisition form D. receiving document Which document lists the total direct labor used in a specific job? A. job cost sheet B. purchase order C. employee time ticket D. receiving document Assigning indirect costs to specific jobs is completed by which of the following? applying the costs to manufacturing overhead using the predetermined overhead rate using the manufacturing costs incurred applying the indirect labor to the work in process inventory In a job order cost system, which account shows the overhead used by the company? A. work in process inventory B. finished goods inventory C. cost of goods sold D. manufacturing overhead In a job order cost system, raw materials purchased are debited to which account? A. raw materials inventory B. work in process inventory C. finished goods inventory D. cost of goods sold In a job order cost system, overhead applied is debited to which account? A. work in process inventory B. finished goods inventory C. manufacturing overhead D. cost of goods sold In a job order cost system, factory wage expense is debited to which account? A. raw materials inventory B. work in process inventory C. finished goods inventory D. cost of goods sold In a job order cost system, utility expense incurred is debited to which account? A. work in process inventory B. finished goods inventory C. manufacturing overhead D. cost of goods sold In a job order cost system, indirect labor incurred is debited to which account? A. work in process inventory B. finished goods inventory C. manufacturing overhead D. cost of goods sold The activity base for service industries is most likely to be _________________. A. machine hours B. administrative salaries C. direct labor cost D. direct labor hours A printing company manufactures notebooks of various sizes. The company manufactures 3,000 notebooks each day. Should the company use process costing or job order costing?Burnham Industries incurs these costs for the month: What is the prime cost?Chocos Chocolates incurs these costs for the month: Â What is the conversion cost?How do job order costing and process costing differ with respect to recording direct materials and direct labor?Why are product costs assigned to the product and period costs immediately expensed?Is the cost of goods manufactured the same as the cost of goods sold?From beginning to end, place these items in the order of the flow of goods. A. cost of goods sold B. raw materials inventory C. finished goods inventory D. work in process inventory How is the predetermined overhead rate determined?How is the predetermined overhead rate applied?Why are the overhead costs first accumulated in the manufacturing overhead account instead of in the work in process inventory account?Why is the manufacturing overhead account debited as expenses are recognized and then credited when overhead is applied?Match the concept on the left to its correct description.When compared to manufacturing companies, service industries do not generally use _____________ as a component of product cost.Little Things manufactures toys. For each item listed, identify whether it is a product cost, a period cost, or not an expense. internet provider services material expense raw materials inventory production equipment rental showroom rental factory employee salary Human Resource Director Salary Table 4.3 shows a list of expenses involved in the production of custom, professional lacrosse sticks. For each Item listed, state whether the cost should be applied to manufacturing or sales and administration. 1f the cost is a manufacturing cost, state whether It Is direct materials, direct labor, or manufacturing overhead. If the cost is a manufacturing overhead cost, state whether it is indirect materials, indirect labor, or another type of manufacturing overhead.Burnham Industries incurs these costs for the month: A. What Is the prime cost? B. What is the conversion cost?Marzons records show raw materials Inventory had a beginning balance of $200 and an ending balance of $300. If the cost of materials used during the month was $900, what were the purchases made during the month?Sterlings records show the work in process Inventory had a beginning balance of $4000 and an ending balance of $3,000. How much direct labor was incurred if the records also show :Logo Gear purchased $2,250 worth of merchandise during the month, and its monthly income statement shows cost of goods sold of $2,000. What was the beginning inventory if the ending inventory was $1,000?A company estimates its manufacturing overhead will be $750,000 for the next year. What is the predetermined overhead rate given the following independent allocation bases? Budgeted direct labor hours: 60,000 Budgeted direct labor expense: $1,500,000 Estimated machine hours: 100,000 Job order cost sheets show the following costs assigned to each job: The company assigns overhead at $1.25 for each direct labor dollar spent. What is the total cost for each of the jobs?A new company started production. Job 10 was completed, and Job 20 remains in production. Here is the information from job cost sheets from their first and only jobs so far: Using the information provided. A. What is the balance in work in process? B. What Is the balance in the finished goods inventory? C. If manufacturing overhead is applied on the basis of direct labor hours, what is the predetermined overhead rate?K company production was working on Job 1 and Job 2 during the month. Of the $780 in direct materials. $375 in materials was requested for Job 1. Direct labor cost, including payroll taxes, are $23 per hour, and employees worked 18 hours on Job 1 and 29 hours on Job 2. Overhead is applied at the rate of $20 per direct labor hours. Prepare job order cost sheets for each job.A company has the following transactions during the week. Purchase of $1,000 raw materials inventory Assignment of $500 of raw materials inventory to Job 5 Payroll for 20 hours with $1,000 assigned to Job 5 Factory utility bills of $750 Overhead applied at the rate of $10 per hour What is the cost assigned to Job 5 at the end of the week?During the month, Job AB2 used specialized machinery for 450 hours and incurred $500 in utilities on account, $300 in factory depreciation expense, and $100 in property tax on the factory. Prepare journal entries for the following: A. Record the expenses incurred. B. Record the allocation of overhead at the predetermined rate of $1.50 per machine hour.Job 113 was completed at a cost of $5,000, and Job 85 was completed at a cost of $3,000 and sold on account for $4,500. Prepare journal entries for the following: A. Completion of job 113. B. Completion and sale of Job 85.A companys Individual job sheets show these costs: Overhead is applied at 1.25 times the direct labor cost. Use the data on the cost sheets to perform these tasks: Apply overhead to each of the jobs. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of direct materials to work in process. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of direct labor to work in process. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of manufacturing overhead to work in process.A summary of material requisition slips and time tickets, along with the overhead allocation, show these costs: Prepare an entry to record the assignment of direct material to work in process. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of direct labor to work in process. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of manufacturing overhead to work in process.Abuah Goods manufactures clothing. For each item listed, Identify whether It is a product cost, a period cost, or not an expense. pins to keep materials together while garment Is being manufactured real estate taxes on store advertising expense product inspector wages shirts for sale Chief Financial Officer salary cost of goods sold Chocos Chocolates incurs the following costs for the month: A. What is the prime cost? B. What is the conversion cost?The table shows a list of expenses involved in the production of custom snowboard bindings. For each item listed, state if the cost is manufacturing or sales and administration. If the cost is a manufacturing cost, state if it is direct materials, direct labor, or manufacturing overhead. 1f the cost is a manufacturing overhead cost, state if it is indirect materials, indirect labor, or another type of manufacturing overhead.Masonrys records show the raw materials inventory had purchases of $1,000and an ending raw materials inventory balance of $200. If the cost of materials used during the month was $900, what was the beginning inventory?Steinways records show their work in process Inventory had a beginning balance of $3,000 and an ending balance of $3,500. How much overhead was applied if the records also show the following:Langstons purchased $3,100 of merchandise during the month, and its monthly income statement shows a cost of goods sold of $3,000. What was the beginning inventory if the ending inventory was $1,250?A company estimates its manufacturing overhead will be $840,000 for the next year. What is the predetermined overhead rate given each of the following Independent allocation bases? Budgeted direct labor hours: 90,615 Budgeted direct labor expense: $750000 Estimated machine hours: 150,000 Job order cost sheets show the following costs assigned to each job: The company assigns overhead at twice the direct labor cost. What is the total cost for each job?A new company started production. Job 1 was completed, and Job 2 remains in production. Here is the information from the job cost sheets from their first and only jobs so far: Using the Information provided. A. What Is the balance in work in process? B. What Is the balance in finished goods inventory? C. If manufacturing overhead is applied on the basis of direct labor hours, what is the predetermined overhead rate?Inez has the following information relating to Job AA5. Direct material cost was $200,000, direct labor was $36,550, and overhead applied on the basis of direct labor hours was $73,100. What was the predetermined overhead rate using the labor rate of $17 per hour?A company has the following information relating to its production costs: Compute the actual and applied overhead using the companys predetermined overhead rate of $23.92 per machine hour. Was the overhead over applied or under applied, and by how much?A company has the following transactions during the week. Purchase of $3,000 raw materials inventory Assignment of $700 of raw materials inventory to Job 7 Payroll for 10 hours and $3,000 is assigned to Job 7 Factory depreciation of $1,750 Overhead applied at the rate of $200 per hour What is the cost assigned to Job 7 at the end of the week?During the month, Job Arch2 used specialized machinery for 350 hours and incurred $700 in utilities on account. $400 in factory depreciation expense, and $200 in property tax on the factory. Prepare journal entries for the following: A. Record the expenses incurred. B. Record the allocation of overhead at the predetermined rate of $1.50 per machine hour.Job 113 was completed at a cost of $7,500, and Job 85 was completed at a cost of $2,300 and sold on account for $4,500. Prepare journal entries for the following: A. Completion of Job 113. B. Completion and sale of Job 85.A companys individual job sheets show these costs: Overhead is applied at 1.75 times the direct labor cost. Use the data on the cost sheets to perform these tasks: Apply overhead to each of the jobs. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of direct material to work in process. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of direct labor to work in process. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of manufacturing overhead to work in process.A summary of materials requisition slips and time tickets, along with the overhead allocation, show these costs: Prepare an entry to record the assignment of direct material to work in process. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of direct labor to work in process. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of manufacturing overhead to work in process.For each item listed, state whether a job order costing system or process costing system would be best. cereal team uniforms houses beach chairs plastic restaurant-specific pizza boxes sneakers customized with number and colors York Company Is a machine shop that estimated overhead will be $50,000, consisting of 5,000 hours of direct labor. The cost to make job 0325 is $70 in aluminum and two hours of labor at $20 per hour. During the month. York incurs $50 in indirect material cost. $150 in administrative labor, $300 in utilities, and $250 in depreciation expense. What is the predetermined overhead rate if direct labor hours are considered the cost driver? What is the cost of Job 0325? What is the overhead incurred during the month?Pocono Cement Forms expects $900,000 in overhead during the next year. It does not know whether it should apply overhead on the basis of its anticipated direct labor hours of 60,000 or its expected machine hours of 30,000. Determine the product cost under each predetermined allocation rate if the last job incurred $1,550 in direct material cost, 90 direct labor hours, and 75 machine hours. Wages are paid at $16 per hour.Job cost sheets show the following information: What are the balances in the work in process inventory, finished goods inventory, and cost of goods sold for January, February, and March?Complete the information in the cost computations shown here:During the year, a company purchased raw materials of $77,321, and incurred direct labor costs of $125,900. Overhead is applied at the rate of 75% of the direct labor cost. These are the inventory balances: Compute the cost of materials used in production, the cost of goods manufactured, and the cost of goods sold.Freeman Furnishings has summarized its data as shown: Compute the cost of goods manufactured, assuming that the overhead is allocated based on direct labor hours Coops Stoops estimated its annual overhead to be $85,000 and based its predetermined overhead rate on 24,286 direct labor hours. At the end of the year, actual overhead was $90,000 and the total direct labor hours were 24,100. What is the entry to dispose of the over applied or under applied overhead?MountaIn Peaks applies overhead on the basis of machine hours and reports the following information: A. What is the predetermined overhead rate? B. How much overhead was applied during the year? C. Was overhead over- or under applied, and by what amount? D. What is the journal entry to dispose of the over- or under applied overhead?The actual overhead for a company is $74,539. Overhead was based on 6,000 direct labor hours and was $2,539 under applied for the year. What is the overhead application rate per direct labor hour? What is the journal entry to dispose of the under applied overhead?When setting its predetermined overhead application race, Tasty Box Meals estimated its overhead would be $100,000 and would require 25,000 machine hours in the next year. At the end of the year. It found that actual overhead was $102,000 and required 26,000 machine hours. Determine the predetermined overhead rate. What is the overhead applied during the year? Prepare the journal entry to eliminate the under applied or over applied overhead.The following data summarize the operations during the year. Prepare a journal entry for each transaction. Purchase of raw materials on account: $3000 Raw materials used by Job 1: $500 Raw materials used as indirect materials: $100 Direct labor for Job 1: $300 Indirect labor incurred: $50 Factory utilities incurred on account: $700 Adjusting entry for factory depreciation: $250 Manufacturing overhead applied as percent of direct labor: 200% Job 1 is transferred to finished goods Job 1 is sold: $3,000 Manufacturing overhead is over applied: $100 The following events occurred during March for Ajax Company. Prepare a journal entry for each transaction. Materials were purchased on account for $35,429. Materials were requisitioned to begin work on Job C1S In the amount of $25,259. Direct labor expense for Job C15 was $24,129. Actual overhead was incurred on account of $32,852. Factory overhead was charged to Job C15 at the rate of 200% of direct labor. Job C15 was transferred to finished goods at $97,646. Job C15 was sold on account for $401,000.A movie production studio incurred the following costs related to its current movie: Purchased office supplies on account: $33,000 Issued direct supplies: $22,512 Issued indirect supplies: $7,535 Time tickets showing direct labor: $32,503,230 Time tickets showing indirect labor: $574,326 Utilities expense on account: $957,323 Overhead applied: 10% of direct labor cost Create journal entries for the listed transactions.For each item listed, state whether a job order costing system or process costing system would be best. television repair cell phone charge cords glassware with company logo dog food golf balls hotel signs to welcome guests highlighters and pens Rulers Company is a neon sign company that estimated overhead will be $60,000, consisting of 1,500 machine hours. The cost to make Job 416 is $95 in neon, 15 hours of labor at $13 per hour, and five machine hours. During the month, it incurs $95 in indirect material cost, $130 in administrative labor, $320 in utilities, and $350 in depreciation expense. What is the predetermined overhead rate if machine hours are considered the cost driver? What is the cost of Job 416? What is the overhead incurred during the month?Event Forms expects $120,000 in overhead during the next year. It doesn't know whether it should apply overhead on the basis of its anticipated direct labor hours of 6,000 or its expected machine hours of 5,000. What would be the product cost under each predetermined allocation rate if the last job incurred $3,500 in direct material cost, 55 direct labor hours, and 55 machine hours? Wages are paid at $17 per hour.Summary information from a companys job cost sheets shows the following information: What are the balances in the work in process inventory, finished goods Inventory, and cost of goods sold for April, May, and June?

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