Bartleby Sitemap - Textbook Solutions
All Textbook Solutions for Principles of Accounting Volume 2
The process that determines the present value of a single payment or stream of payments to be received is ________. A. compounding B. discounting C. annuity D. lump-sumThe process of reinvesting interest earned to generate additional earnings over time is ________. A. compounding B. discounting C. annuity D. lump-sumThe NPV method assumes that cash inflows associated with a particular investment occur when? A. only at the time of the initial Investment B. only at the end of the year C. only at the beginning of the year D. at any of these timesWhich of the following does nor assign a value to a business opportunity using time-value measurement tools? A. internal rate of return (IRR) method B. net present value (NPV) C. discounted cash flow model D. payback period methodWhich of the following discounts future cash flows to their present value at the expected rate of return, and compares that to the Initial Investment? A. internal rate of return (IRR) method B. net present value (N PV) C. discounted cash flow model D. future value methodThis calculation determines profitability or growth potential of an investment, expressed as a percentage, at the point where NPV equals zero A. internal race of return (IRR) method B. net present value (NPV) C. discounted cash flow model D. future value methodThe IRR method assumes that cash flows are reinvested at _________. A. the internal rate of return B. the companys discount rate C. the lower of the companys discount rate or Internal rate of return D. an average of the internal rate of return and the discount rateWhen using the NPV method for a particular investment decision, if the present value of all cash Inflows Is greater than the present value of all cash outflows, then _______ . A. the discount rate used was too high B. the investment provides an actual rate of return greater than the discount rate C. the investment provides an actual rate of return equal to the discount rate D. the discount rate is too lowWhat are the steps involved in the process for capital decision-making?Why does a company evaluate both the money allocated to a project and the time allocated to the project?What is the next thing a company needs to do after it establishes investment criteria?What is the screening decision?Your supervisor is on the companys capital investment decision team that is to decide on alternatives for the acquisition of a new computer system for the company. The supervisor says, The book value of the existing computer system for the firm that we are considering replacing is nothing but an accounting amount and as such is irrelevant in the capital expenditure analysis. Does this reasoning make sense? Why or why not?Ekon owns a small tow-truck business that responds to state patrol requests to tow cars involved in wrecks, as well as to private business requests from customers at various auto repair shops and individuals with stalled autos. Ekons business is open 24/7 for 365 days a year. He is starting to see too many repairs on his three trucks, which either means that he loses business or must divert a truck from another area. He is now trying to consider whether it is best to continue use of the current trucks or whether he needs to invest some money in new trucks. Using the steps for the process of capital decision-making, create an outline with sub-steps that include questions Ekon can use to guide his investigation or considerations of buying new truck.What is the payback method used to determine?What are one advantage and one disadvantage of the payback method?What are one advantage and one disadvantage of the payback method?What is the equation to calculate the payback period?What is the equation to calculate the accounting rate of return?What is future value and what is one example where it might be used?Why do businesses consider time value of money before making an investment decision?What determines the anticipated interest rate payout for an investment?To calculate present value of a lump sum, which table would be used?What is the definition of present value?What is the difference between the discount rate used for net present value and the internal rate of return methods?Briefly explain how NPV is computed and interpreted.What is the basic benefit of using IRR?How is the IRR determined if there are uneven cash flows?A fellow student studying managerial accounting says. The net present value (NPV) weighs early receipts of cash much more heavily than more distant receipts of cash. Do you agree or disagree? Why?What are the strengths and weaknesses of NPV?What are the strengths and weaknesses of IRR?How does the size of the initial investment affect the internal rate of return on the net present value models?Bobs Auto Repair has determined that it needs new lift equipment to acquire more business opportunities. However, one or more alternatives meet or exceed the minimum expectations Bob has for the new lift equipment. As a result, what type of decision should Bob make for his company?In practice, external factors can impact a capital investment. Give a current external factor that may currently Impact or cause instability of capital spending either here or abroad.If a copy center is considering the purchase of a new copy machine with an initial investment cost of $150,000 and the center expects an annual net cash flow of $20,000 per year, what is the payback period?Assume a company is going to make an investment of $450,000 in a machine and the following are the cash flows that two different products would bring in years one through four. Which of the two options would you choose based on the payback method?If a garden center is considering the purchase of a new tractor with an initial investment cost of $120,000, and the center expects a return of $30,000 in year one, $20,000 in years two and three. $15,000 In years four and five, and $10,000 in year six and beyond, what is the payback period?The management of Kawneer North America is considering investing in a new facility and the following cash flows are expected to result from the investment: A. What is the payback period of this uneven cash flow? B. Does your answer change if year 10s cash inflow changes to $500,000?A mini-mart needs a new freezer and the initial Investment will cost $300,000. Incremental revenues, including cost savings, are $200,000, and incremental expenses, including depreciation, are $125,000. There is no salvage value. What is the accounting rate of return (ARR)?You put $250 in the bank for S years at 12%. A. If interest is added at the end of the year, how much will you have in the bank after one year? Calculate the amount you will have in the bank at the end of year two and continue to calculate all the way to the end of the fifth year. B. Use the future value of $1 table in Appendix B and verity that your answer is correct.If you invest $12,000 today, how much will you have in (for further Instructions on future value in Excel, see Appendix C): A. 10 years at 9% B. 8 years at 12% C. 14 years at l5% D. 19 years at 18%You have been depositing money into an account yearly based on the following investment amounts, rates and times, what is the value of that investment account at the end of that period?How much would you invest today in order to receive $30,000 in each of the following (for further Instructions on present value In Excel, see Appendix C): A. 10 years at 9% B. 8 years at 12% C. 14 years at 15% D. 19 years at 18%Your friend has a trust fund that will pay her the following amounts at the given interest rate for the given number of years. Calculate the current (present) value of your friends trust fund payments. For further instructions on future value in Excel, see Appendix C.Jullo Company is considering the purchase of a new bubble packaging machine. If the machine will provide $20,000 annual savings for 10 years and can be sold for $50,000 at the end of the period, what is the present value of the machine investment at a 9% interest rate with savings realized at year end?How much must be invested now to receive $30,000 for 10 years if the first $30.000 is received one year from now and the rate is 8%?Project A costs $5,000 and will generate annual after-tax net cash inflows of $1,800 for five years. What is the NPV using 8% as the discount rate?Project B cost $5,000 and will generate after-tax net cash inflows of $500 in year one, $1,200 in year two, $2,000 in year three. $2,500 in year four, and $2,000 in year five. What is the NPV using 8% as the discount rate? For further instructions on net present value in Excel, see Appendix C.Gardner Denver Company is considering the purchase of a new piece of factory equipment that will cost $420,000 and will generate $95,000 per year for 5 years. Calculate the IRR for this piece of equipment. For further Instructions on internal rate of return in Excel, see Appendix C.Consolidated Aluminum is considering the purchase of a new machine that will cost $308,000 and provide the following cash flows over the next five years: $88,000, 92,000, $91,000, $72,000, and $71,000. Calculate the IRR for this piece of equipment. For further instructions on internal rate of return in Excel, see Appendix C.Redbird Company is considering a project with an initial investment of $265,000 in new equipment that will yield annual net cash flows of $45,800 each year over its seven-year life. The companys minimum required rate of return is 8%. What is the internal rate of return? Should Redbird accept the project based on IRR?Towson Industries is considering an investment of $256,950 that is expected to generate returns of $90,000 per year for each of the next four years. What Is the Investments internal rate of return?Cinemar Productions bought a piece of equipment for $55,898 that will last for 5 years. The equipment will generate net operating cash flows of $14,000 per year and will have no salvage value at the end of its life. What is the internal rate of return?Margos Memories, a company that specializes in photography and creating family and group photo portfolios, has 50 stores in major malls around the U.S. The company is considering an online business, which will require a substantial Investment in web design, security, payment processing, and technology in order to launch successfully. What potential advantages or disadvantages will be difficult to quantify from a capital investment standpoint?Boxer Production, Inc., is in the process of considering a flexible manufacturing system that will help the company react more swiftly to customer needs. The controller, Mick Morrell, estimated that the system will have a 10-year life and a required return of 10% with a net present value of negative $500,000. Nevertheless, he acknowledges that he did not quantify the potential sales increases that might result from this improvement on the issue of on-time delivery, because it was too difficult to quantify. If there is a general agreement that qualitative factors may offer an additional net cash flow of $150,000 per year, how should Boxer proceed with this Investment?A restaurant is considering the purchase of new tables and chairs for their dining room with an initial investment cost of $515,000, and the restaurant expects an annual net cash flow of $103,000 per year. What is the payback period?Assume a company is going to make an investment in a machine of $825,000 and the following are the cash flows that two different products would bring. Which of the two options would you choose based on the payback method?A grocery store is considering the purchase of a new refrigeration unit with an Initial Investment of $412,000, and the store expects a return of $100,000 in year one, $72000 in years two and three, $65,000 in years four and five, and $38,000 in year six and beyond, what is the payback period?The management of Ryland International Is considering Investing in a new facility and the following cash flows are expected to result from the investment: A. What Is the payback period of this uneven cash flow? B. Does your answer change if year 6s cash inflow changes to $920,000?An auto repair company needs a new machine that will check for defective sensors. The machine has an Initial investment of $224,000. Incremental revenues, including cost savings, are $120,000, and Incremental expenses, including depreciation, are $50,000. There is no salvage value. What is the accounting rate of return (ARR)?You put $600 in the bank for 3 years at 15%. A. If Interest Is added at the end of the year, how much will you have in the bank after one year? Calculate the amount you will have in the bank at the end of year two and continue to calculate all the way to the end of the third year. B. Use the future value of $1 table In Appendix B and verify that your answer is correct.If you invest $15,000 today, how much will you have in (for further instructions on future value in Excel, see Appendix C): A. 20 years at 22% B. 12 years at 10% C. 5 years at 14% D. 2 years at 7%You have been depositing money into an account yearly based on the following investment amounts, rates and times. What is the value of that Investment account at the end of that period?How much would you invest today in order to receive $30,000 in each of the following (for further instructions on present value in Excel, see Appendix C): A. 20 years at 22% B. 12 years at 10% C. 5 years at 14% D. 2 years at 7%Your friend has a trust fund that will pay her the following amounts at the given interest rate for the given number of years. Calculate the current (present) value of your friends trust fund payments. For further instructions on present value in Excel, see Appendix C.Conestoga Plumbing plans to invest in a new pump that is anticipated to provide annual savings for 10 years of $50,000. The pump can be sold at the end of the period for $100,000. What is the present value of the investment in the pump at a 9% interest rate given that savings are realized at year end?How much must be invested now to receive $50,000 for 8 years if the first $50,000 is received in one year and the rate is 10%?Project X costs $10,000 and will generate annual net cash inflows of $4,800 for five years. What is the NPV using 8% as the discount rate?Project Y cost $8,000 and will generate net cash inflows of $1,500 in year one, $2,000 in year two, $2,500 in year three, $3,000 in year four and $2,000 in year five. What is the NPV using 8% as the discount rate?Caduceus Company is considering the purchase of a new piece of factory equipment that will cost $565,000 and will generate $135,000 per year for 5 years. Calculate the IRR for this piece of equipment. For further instructions on internal rate of return In Excel, see Appendix C.Garnette Corp is considering the purchase of a new machine that will cost $342,000 and provide the following cash flows over the next five years: $99,000, $88,000, $92,000. $87,000, and $72,000. Calculate the IRR for this piece of equipment. For further instructions on internal rate of return in Excel. see Appendix C.Wallace Company is considering two projects. Their required rate of return is 10%. Which of the two projects, A or B, is better in terms of internal rate of return?Taos Productions bought a piece of equipment for $79,860 that will last for 5 years. The equipment will generate net operating cash flows of $20,000 per year and will have no salvage value at the end of its life. What is the internal rate of return?Your company is planning to purchase a new log splitter for is lawn and garden business. The new splitter has an initial investment of $180,000. It is expected to generate $25,000 of annual cash flows, provide incremental cash revenues of $150,000, and incur incremental cash expenses of $100,000 annually. What is the payback period and accounting rate of return (ARR)?Jasmine Manufacturing is considering a project that will require an initial investment of $52,000 and is expected to generate future cash flows of $10,000 for years 1 through 3, $8,000 for years 4 and 5, and $2,000 for years 6 through 10. What is the payback period for this project?Use the tables in Appendix B to answer the following questions. A. If you would like to accumulate $2,500 over the next 4 years when the interest rate is 15%, how much do you need to deposit in the account? B. If you place $6,200 in a savings account, how much will you have at the end of 7 years with a 12% interest rate? C. You invest $8,000 per year for 10 years at 12% interest, how much will you have at the end of 10 years? D. You win the lottery and can either receive $750,000 as a lump sum or $50,000 per year for 20 years. Assuming you can earn 8% interest, which do you recommend and why?Ralston Consulting. Inc., has a $25,000 overdue debt with Supplier No. 1. The company is low on cash, with only $7,000 in the checking account and does not want to borrow any more cash. Supplier No. 1 agrees to settle the account in one of two ways: Option 1: Pay 57,000 now and $23,750 when some large projects are finished, two years from today. Option 2: Pay $35,000 three years from today, when even larger projects are finished. Assuming that the only factor in the decision is the cost of money (8%). which option should Ralston choose?Falkland, Inc., is considering the purchase of a patent that has a cost of $50,000 and an estimated revenue producing life of 4 years. Falkland has a cost of capital of 8%. The patent is expected to generate the following amounts of annual income and cash flows: A. What is the NPV of the investment? B. What happens if the required rate of return increases?There are two projects under consideration by the Rainbow factory. Each of the projects will require an initial investment of $35,000 and is expected to generate the following cash flows: If the discount rate is 12%, compute the NPV of each project.There are two projects under consideration by the Rainbow factory. Each of the projects will require an initial investment of $35,000 and is expected to generate the following cash flows: Use the information from the previous exercise to calculate the internal rate of return on both projects and make a recommendation on which one to accept. For further instructions on internal rate of return in Excel, see Appendix C.Pompeiis Pizza has a delivery car that it uses for pizza deliveries. The transmission needs to be replaced and there are several other repairs that need to be done. The car is nearing the end of its life, so the options are to either overhaul the car or replace it with a new car. Pompeiis has put together the following budgetary items: If Pompeiis replaces the transmission of the pizza delivery vehicle, they expect to be able to use the vehicle for another 5 years. If they sell the old vehicle and purchase a new vehicle, they will use that vehicle for 5 years and then trade for in for another new pizza delivery vehicle. If they trade for the new delivery vehicle, their operating expenses will decrease because the new vehicle is more gas efficient and the maintenance on a new car is less. This project is analyzed using a discount rate of 12%. What should Pompeiis do?Pitt Company is considering two alternative investments. The company requires a 12% return from its investments. Neither option has a salvage value. Compute the IRR for both projects and recommend one of them. For further instructions on internal rate of return in Excel, see Appendix C.The Ham and Egg Restaurant is considering an investment in a new oven that has a cost of $60,000, with annual net cash flows of $9,950 for 8 years. The required rate of return is 6%. Compute the net present value of this investment to determine whether or not you would recommend that Ham and Egg invest in this oven.Gallant Sports s considering the purchase of a new rock-climbing facility. The company estimates that the construction will require an initial outlay of $350,000. Other cash flows are estimated as follows: Assuming the company limits its analysis to four years due to economic uncertainties, determine the net present value of the rock-climbing facility. Should the company develop the facility if the required rate of return is 6%?A bookstore is planning to purchase an automated inventory/remote marketing system, which includes an upgrade to a more sophisticated cash register system. The package has an initial investment cost of $360,000. It is expected to generate $144,000 of annual cash flows, reduce costs and provide incremental cash revenues of $326,000, and incur incremental cash expenses of $200,000 annually. What is the payback period and accounting rate of return (ARR)?Markoff Products is considering two competing projects, but only one will be selected. Project A requires an initial investment of $42,000 and is expected to generate future cash flows of $6,000 for each of the next 50 years. Project B requires an initial investment of $210,000 and will generate $30,000 for each of the next 10 years. If Markoff requires a payback of 8 years or less, which project should it select based on payback periods?Use the tables in Appendix B to answer the following questions. A. If you would like to accumulate $4,200 over the next 6 years when the interest rate is 8%, how much do you need to deposit in the account? B. If you place $8,700 in a savings account, how much will you have at the end of 12 years with an interest rate of 8%? C. You invest $2,000 per year, at the end of the year, for 20 years at 10% interest. How much will you have at the end of 20 years? D. You win the lottery and can either receive $500,000 as a lump sum or $60,000 per year for 20 years. Assuming you can earn 3% interest, which do you recommend and why?Chang Consulting. Inc., has a $15,000 overdue debt with Supplier No. 1. The company is low on cash, with only $4,000 in the checking account and does not want to borrow any more cash. Supplier No. 1 agrees to settle the account in one of two ways: Option 1: Pay $4,000 now and $18.750 when some large projects are finished, two years from today. Option 2: Pay $25,000 three years from today, when even larger projects are finished. Assuming that the only factor in the decision is the cost of money (8%), which option should Clary choose?Mason, Inc., is considering the purchase of a patent that has a cost of $85000 and an estimated revenue producing lite of 4 years. Mason has a required rate of return that is 12% and a cost of capital of 11%. The patent is expected to generate the following amounts of annual income and cash flows: A. What is the NPV of the investment? B. What happens if the required rate of return increases?There are two projects under consideration by the Rainbow factory. Each of the projects will require an initial investment or $28.000 and is expected to generate the following cash flows: If the discount rate is 5% compute the NPV of each project and make a recommendation of the project to be chosen.Use the information from the previous exercise to calculate the Internal Rate of Return on both projects and make a recommendation regarding which one to accept.D**M Pizza has a delivery car that is uses for pizza deliveries. The transmission needs to be replaced, and there are several other repairs that need to be done. The car is nearing the end of its life, so the options are to either overhaul the car or replace it with a new car. D&M’s has put together the following budgetary items: If D&M replaces the transmission of the pizza delivery vehicle, they expect to be able to use the vehicle for another 5 years. If they purchase a new vehicle, they will sell the existing one and use the new vehicle for 5 years and then trade it in for another new pizza delivery vehicle. If they trade for the new delivery vehicle, their operating expenses will decrease because the new vehicle is more gas efficient. This project is analyzed using a discount rate of 15%. What should D&M do?Joliet Company is considering two alternative investments. The company requires an 18% return from its investments. Compute the IRR for both Projects and recommend one of them. For further instructions on internal rate of return in Excel, see Appendix C.Bouvier Restaurant is considering an investment in a grill that costs $140,000, and will produce annual net cash flows of $21,950 for 8 years. The required rate of return is 6%. Compute the net present value of this investment to determine whether Bouvier should invest in the grill.What is the benefit(s) of the accountants involvement in the capital investment decision?Austins cell phone manufacturer wants to upgrade their product mix to encompass an exciting new feature on their cell phone. This would require a new high-tech machine. You are excited about his new project and are recommending the purchase to your board of directors. Here is the information you have compiled in order to complete this recommendation: According to the information, the project will last 10 years and require an initial investment of $800,000, depreciated with straight-line over the life of the project until the final value is zero. The firms tax rate is 30% and the required rate of return is 12%. You believe that the variable cost and sales volume may be as much as 10% higher or lower than the initial estimate. Your boss understands the risks but asks you to explain the alternatives in a brief memo to the board, Write a memo to the Board of Directors objectively weighing out the pros and cons of this project and make your recommendation(s).Would you rather have $7,500 today or at the end of 20 years after it has been invested at 15%? Explain your answer. The following are independent situations. For each capital budgeting project, indicate whether management should accept or reject the project and list a brief reason why.Midas Corp. evaluated a potential investment and determined the NPV to be zero. Midas Corp.s required rate of return is 9.1% and its cost of capital is 6.4%.Giorgio Co. is looking at an investment project with an internal rate of return of 10.8%. The initial outlay for the investment is $90,000. The hurdle rate or minimum acceptable rate of return is 10.2%.Dinaro Inc. is looking at an investment project that has an NPV of ($5,000). The hurdle rate is 8%.You begin a new job at Cabrera Medical Supplies. The company is considering a new accounting system, with an initial investment of about half a million dollars for new software and hardware. You are excited for the opportunity to apply your managerial accounting skills regarding screening and preference methods to decide on the best system for the company. Your boss is a little old-school, and when you mention some of the things you learned in managerial accounting, he says. Discounted cash flow methods are not the only way to approach this. I have more of a gut reaction approach that blows most managers out of the water when they become absorbed by discounted cash flow methods (DCF). How would you react and what would you discuss with your boss?Fenton, Inc., has established a new strategic plan that calls for new capital investment. The company has a 9.8% required rate of return and an 8.3% cost of capital. Fenton currently has a return of 10% on its other investments. The proposed new investments have equal annual cash inflows expected. Management used a screening procedure of calculating a payback period for potential investments and annual cash flows, and the IRR for the 7 possible investments are displayed in image. Each investment has a 6-year expected useful life and no salvage value. A. Identify which project(s) is/are unacceptable and briefly state the conceptual justification as to why each of your choices is unacceptable. B. Assume Fenton has $330,000 available to spend. Which remaining projects should Fenton invest in and in what order? C. If Fenton was not limited to a spending amount, should they invest in all of the projects given the company is evaluated using return on investment?Components of the organization that are demotivating for purposes of performance management are known as ______. A. business goals B. strategic plans C. uncontrollable factors D. incentivesWhen managerial accountants design an evaluation system that is based on criteria for which a manager is responsible, and it is structured to encourage managers to make decisions that will meet the goals of the company as well as their own personal job goals, the framework used is _______. A. a controllable factors framework B. an uncontrollable factors framework C. a strategic plan framework D. a responsibility accounting frameworkGoal congruence in well-designed performance measurement systems best explains a congruence between ________. A. employees and the company B. strategic plans and the future C. decisions and outcomes D. feedback and measurementResponsibility accounting holds managers responsible for _______. A. all costs charged to their subunit B. all costs charged to their subunit plus a share of companywide fixed costs C. only the costs that they can control D. only the costs that they have personally approvedPerformance measures are only useful if _______. A. there are both controllable and uncontrollable factors to evaluate managers B. manager reward systems are designed by the chief financial officer prior to implementation C. all of the measures used are accounting numbers D. there is a baseline against which to compare the measured resultsWhich of the following is not a characteristic of a good performance measurement system? A. timely B. consistent C. based on activities over which managers have no control or influence D. uses both long- and short-term performances and standardsA good performance measurement system will align the goals of management with_______. A. the goals of the city manager and the mayoral staff B. the goals of the corporation, and both parties will benefit C. the priorities of the stockholders as listed at the annual meeting D. the Investment departments response to the annual auditWhat should an organization do if performance measures change? A. Make sure that the manager being evaluated is aware of the measurement change, as this may affect his or her decision-making. B. Make sure that the manager benefits without the corporation also benefitting. C. Make sure that there are significant overriding opportunities for each manager, if the manager is unaware of the change. D. Obtain customer surveys on the change before communicating the change to the manager.A good performance measurement system will include which of the following? A. short-term goals B. long-term goals C. short-term and long-term goals D. no goals at allWithout proper performance measures, goal congruence is almost impossible to achieve and will likely lead to _______. A. more stable targets B. decreased defects C. lost profits D. employees satisfied with the status quoDixon Construction Materials has collected this information: Based on this Information, what is the EVA for the project? A. $100,000 B. $10,000 C. $450,000 D. ($110,000)The cost of equity is _______. A. the interest associated with debt B. the rate of return required by investors to incentivize them to invest in a company C. the weighted average cost of capital D. equal to the amount of asset turnoverWhich of the following measures the profitability of a division relative to the size of its investment in capital assets? A. residual Income (RI) B. sales margin C. return on investment (ROI) D. economic value added (EVA)The capital structure of Ridley Enterprises Is: Debt 40%, Equity 60%. The cost of debt is 13%, and the cost of equity is 16.5%. What is the weighted average cost of capital for Ridley Enterprises? A. 14.4% B. 15.1% C. 16.2% D. 13.8%Calculate the ROI for Gardner Chemical given the following information: A. 25% B. 24% C. 60% D. 40%Which of the following statements is false? A. The four dimensions of performance that are considered in a balanced scorecard are financial, customer, internal process, and learning and growth B. A balanced scorecard will include qualitative and quantitative measures. C. Stakeholders cannot include stockholders. D. A balanced scorecard is the compatibility between personal goals and the goals of the organization.The metrics based on nonfinancial information are known as ______. A. quantitative factors B. qualitative factors C. stakeholders D. stockholdersThe metrics based on financial numbers produced by the accounting system are ________. A. quantitative factors B. qualitative factors C. stakeholders D. stockholdersPeople affected by decisions made by a company, including Investors, creditors, employees, managers, regulators, customers, suppliers, and laypeople, are known as ________. A. quantitative factors B. qualitative factors C. stakeholders D. stockholdersThe owners of company stock are ______. A. quantitative factors B. qualitative factors C. stakeholders D. stockholdersWhy might a manager focused solely on accounting numbers miss opportunities for future benefits?Is there a way to prevent managers from focusing on accounting measures as performance measures?Should an organization focus on controllable or uncontrollable factors to effectively implement a successful performance measurement system? Explain your answer.What are the components of a strategic plan? Find one of these components for the company you work for and share (if you are not currently employed, use the college you attend).What are the four types of centers and their corresponding responsibilities?What would be wrong with using two points of data in a performance measurement system to tell a company whether the amount of variation is normal or abnormal?Compare and contrast short- and long-term goals for a company. Give an example of each, and explain why they are important for performance measurement systems.Can a short-term goal also be a long-term goal? Where is the division, and why is it important for an employee to understand whether the goal is short or long term?What does goal congruence mean? Provide an example with your explanation.What are the six characteristics of a good performance measurement system?What is EVA and why is it superior to other performance measures?What are the drawbacks to ROI? Give examples of each.Describe the history and purpose of the balanced scorecard.What are the characteristics of successful balanced scorecards?For the following situations, identify whether the description is probably a centralized or decentralized organization. A. Seaside Furniture, a small builder of side tables managed solely by its sole proprietor B. Harbor Marketing, which wants Advertising Team Leaders to be able to respond quickly to needs of potential clients so Team Leaders have the authority to make decisions about advertising and pricing C. Coutures Creations, with a single owner who manages the production, accounting, engineering, sales, and other administrative functions D. British Navy E. McDonalds franchise #3101 in Canton. Ohio F. United States ArmyFor the following descriptions state whether the cost is controllable or uncontrollable by responsibility center managers. A. property tax of an existing manufacturing facility B. research and development of a product C. advertising of a product D. insurance cost of the existing manufacturing facility E. design of a productIdentify the type of responsibility center (revenue center, cost center, profit center, or investment center) for each of the following situations. A. the accounting department for Tubelite Inc. B. the Best Buy in Traverse City, Michigan C. the reservation department of Allegiant airlines D. the sales department of Four Winns E. the Kohls store in Mount Pleasant, Michigan F. The Hershey Company G. Procter and Gamble H. the shoe department in the Kohls store in Mount Pleasant, MichiganSara has just taken a job as the middle school assistant principal for an area school district. Prior to Chis, she was a teacher. She has received the following performance measurements for her first administrative job. Her first order of business is to determine if these performance measurements are short-term goals or long-term goals based on her individual situation. She has completed her administrative degree but has not yet worked as an administrator. Identify each of the following goals as short term or long term. A. Conduct teacher walk-throughs/observations/evaluations for teachers of grades 6 and 7. B. Assist the districts mission in seeking to educate all youth in the school district. C. Train to become a building instructional leader. Act as building administrator in the absence of the principal. D. Attend meetings with building principals and the administrative team when called to do so. E. Engage all students in a meaningful way, and support teachers and staff in providing rigor and relevance. Success of school-wide discipline and attendance policies and enforcement depends on a combination of creativity and sound pedagogy while adhering to district, state, and federal law, guidelines, and regulations. F. Facilitate and supervise all federal- and state-mandated drills (fire, lockdowns, tornado, others). G. Dress professionally. H. Assist the building principal in all job duties and responsibilities.During the current year, Sokowski Manufacturing earned income of $350,000 from total sales of $5,500,000 and average capital assets of $12,000, 000. What is the sales margin?During the current year, Sokowski Manufacturing earned income of $350,000 from total sales of $5,500,000 and average capital assets of $12,000,000. A. Based on this information, calculate asset turnover. B. Using the sales margin from the previous exercise, what is the total ROI for the company during the current year?Assume Skyler Industries has debt of $4,500,000 with a cost of capital of 7.5% and equity of $5,500,000 with a cost of capital of 10.5%. What is Skylers weighted average cost of capital?Why do managers want a high ROI, and how would they strive to increase their ROI?Classify each of the following performance measures into the balanced scorecard perspective to which it relates: financial perspective, internal operations perspective, learning and growth perspective, or customer perspective. A. Number of improved products B. Time from packaging to delivery or display C. Production costs D. Number of customer suggestions E. Sales mix revenues F. Number of repeat customersFor the following situations identify whether the description is a centralized or decentralized organization. A. the United States Navy B. Farahs Dominos franchise store C. Dominos Pizza D. Middies Furniture, which is divided into separate operating units, such as living room, kitchen, flooring E. the local community college, which has a single payroll department, a single administrative headquarters, and a single human resources department since it flattened its organization structure F. Conner Corporation, which promotes managers from within the organization whenever possible and which has formal training programs for lower-level managersFor the following descriptions, state whether the cost is controllable or uncontrollable by responsibility center managers. A. advertising for a merchandiser B. corporate income taxes C. office supplies for a merchandiser D. donations to the Salvation Army E. insurance for delivery vehiclesIdentify the type of responsibility center (revenue center, cost center, profit center, or investment center) for each of the following situations. A. the legal department for Avon Manufacturing B. the Macys store in Mansfield, Ohio C. the food and beverage division of the Best Western D. the marketing department of the Hershey Company E. the Walmart #5030 on Central Avenue in Toledo, Ohio F. Apples Braeburn Capital Inc., where most of Apples billions of dollars are invested G. Zappos department store H. the mens clothing department in the Walmart #5030 in Toledo, OhioPadma completed her doctoral degree and has taken a position as an assistant professor at a local university. She was given the following performance measures for her new position. Identify whether these goals are long or short term. A. Interact in a fair and impartial way with students. B. Promote and access student academic achievement. C. Counsel students within the norms of society and the regulations of the college. D. Motivate students. E. Effectively plan and organize lectures and labs in accordance with the college course outlines. F. Report class attendance in accordance with the college policy and procedure. G. Serve on academic committees as assigned. H. Make progress toward tenure necessary at her university.During the current year. Plainfield Manufacturing earned income of $845,000 from total sales of $9,350,000 and average capital assets of $13,500,000. What is the sales margin?During the current year, Plainfield Manufacturing earned income of $845,000 from total sales of $9,350,000 and average capital assets of $13,500,000. Using the sales margin from the previous exercise, what is the total ROI for the company during the current year?Assume Plainfield Manufacturing has debt of $6,500,000 with a cost of capital of 9.5% and equity of $4,500,000 with a cost of capital of 11.5%. What is Tylers weighted average cost of capital?Though a high ROI is desired, what are some reasons that might lead to a low or decreased ROI?Classify each of the following performance measures into the balanced scorecard perspective to which it relates: financial perspective, internal operations perspective, learning and growth perspective, or customer perspective. A. Employee satisfaction surveys B. Units of waste per production process, uniformity of products and inventory control C. Number of energy-efficient bulbs replaced D. Management training course certificates awarded E. Divisional profit F. Number of customer referralsMatch each of the following with its appropriate term.Florentino Allers is the production manager of Electronics Manufacturer. Due to limited capacity, the company can only produce one of two possible products: An industrial motherboard with a 75% probability of making a profit of $1 million and a 25% probability of making a profit of $150,000 A regular motherboard with a 100% chance of making a profit of $710,000 Florentino will get a 20% bonus from his department. Florentino has the responsibility to choose between the two products and is more of a risk-taker, more so than most of the top management at Electronics Manufacturer. A. Which option is Florentino more likely to choose and why? B. Which option would the company be more likely to choose and why? C. What changes should the company make to Florentinos compensation to avoid unnecessary risks?Macon Mills is a division of Bolin Products. Inc. During the most recent year, Macon had a net income of $40 million. Included in the income was interest expense of $2,800,000. The companys tax rate was 40%. Total assets were $470 million, current liabilities were $104,000,000, and $72,000,000 of the current liabilities are noninterest bearing. What are the invested capital and ROI for Macon?Jefferson Memorial Hospital is an investment center as a division of Hospitals United. During the past year, Jefferson reported an after-tax income of $7 million. Total interest expense was $3,200,000, and the hospital tax rate was 30%. Total assets totaled $70 million, and non-interest-bearing current liabilities were $22,800,000. The required rate of return established by Jefferson is equal to 18% of invested capital. What is the residual income of Jefferson Memorial Hospital?Crawfords Books and Things has a traditional bookstore housed downtown Charlotte. The store has been there forty years, and many customers love the fact that they can hold the books in their hands and browse the offerings. Crawfords just started an online book division for people who like to order books online. EVA for the Charlotte store is about $13 million, while EVA for the online division shows a value of -$2.2 million. A. Explain why it might be better to evaluate the online division using a balanced scorecard. B. Suggest two measures for the customer dimension that would be appropriate for the online division and two measures for the internal processes dimension of the balanced scorecard that would be appropriate for the online division.Coral Creations has strategic plans that call for rapid growth, a limited number of units for each design to enhance exclusivity, designs for the perfect fit, on-time delivery to customers, retention of highly trained employees with innovative skills, and excellent inventory control. A. Suggest one performance measure for each dimension of the balanced scorecard for Coral Creations. B. Take one of your measures and discuss the linkage it has to multiple strategies in Corals plan.Match each of the following with its appropriate term:Oleg Markov is the production manager of NASA Solvents. Due to limited capacity, the company can only produce one of two possible products: an industrial concentrated solvent with a 15% probability of making a profit of $1 million and an 85% probability of making a profit of $200,000 a household diluted solvent with a 100% chance of making a profit of $310,000 Oleg will get a 20% bonus from his department. Oleg has the responsibility to choose between the two products and is more risk averse than most of the top management at NASA Solvents. A. Which option is Oleg more likely to choose and why? B. Which option would the company be more likely to choose and why? C. What changes should the company make to Olegs compensation to encourage managers to take appropriate risksEvaluate the two departments for Moxie Products. Compare the years performance of the two departments in terms of ROI and RI. Which department has created the most wealth for Moxie shareholders in the past year?Banyan Industries has two divisions, a tax rate of 30%, and a minimum rate of return of 20%. Division A has a weighted average cost of Capital of 9.5% and is looking at a new project that will generate a profit of $1,200,000 from a machine that costs $4,000,000. Division B has a weighted average cost of capital of 9.5% and is looking at a new project that will generate a profit of $1,350,000 from a machine that costs $5,000.000. A. Calculate the EVA for each of Banyans divisions. B. Calculate the RI for each of Banyans division. C. If Banyan uses EVA to evaluate the projects, which division has the better project and by how much? D. If Banyan uses RI, which division has the better project and by how much? E. What are some of the reasons for the similarity or difference that you found in the use of EVA versus RI?Forty years ago, Vinfen was founded as a nonprofit company by psychiatrists and social workers at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center and Harvard Medical School to help people with psychiatric conditions transition to group homes for community living. Vinfens strategy map for fiscal 2006 shows how it is building from its mission to accelerating organizational learning and elevating agency performance through its balanced scorecard perspectives to bring value to the customer supported by operational excellence. The following are elements in the balanced scorecard and the four key perspectives. Match the elements with the correct perspectives.What combination of quantitative factors and qualitative factors would you like your potential employer to use as a performance management system? Explain your answer.Josh OShea is the manager of the Cardiovascular/Respiratory Laboratory. This department is responsible for measuring blood gases, performing respiratory treatments, and distributing automated IV equipment. As a manager, Josh hires and trains personnel, prepares his departmental budget, and maintains the personnel schedule. Josh recommends equipment needs for the department, but he may be overruled in the acquisition process. Josh and his departmental personnel are paid for the professional credentials they hold, earn, and maintain and are reimbursed by the hospital for any approved training or professional credentials they acquire. Josh must use the equipment, reagents, and supplies provided to him from central purchasing. Based on this information, what incentives do you see as those that will motivate Josh as part of the hospital team, and why? Which incentives will be demotivating, and why?Kanye Achebe just became the operations manager of Weston Transportation. Weston transports large crates for online companies and transports containers overseas. Kanye would like to evaluate each divisional manager on a basis similar to segmental reporting required by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) financial statements contained in annual reports. These data include a presentation of net sales, operating profit and loss before and after taxes, total identifiable assets, and depreciation for segment reported. Kanye thinks that evaluating business division managers by the same criteria as the total company is appropriate. A. Explain why you think the chief financial officer (CFO) disagrees and tells Kanye that publicly reporting information might demotivate managers. B. For better evaluation of the managers, what type of information should Kanye propose that the CFO might accept?Which of the performance measures—ROI, RI, or EVA—is best, and why? Explain your answer thoroughly.Which agreement did 196 nations adopt in December 2015? A. Oslo Accord B. Paris Climate Agreement C. Kyoto Agreement D. Copenhagen AccordThe 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change aimed to limit the increase of global temperatures to ______. A. 0.5 C A. 1.0 C A. 1.5 C A. 2.0 CGood corporate citizenship ________. A. Is expensive to implement and does not guarantee returns B. must have managements sincere convictions behind it in order to succeed C. Is more relevant in countries with less regulation. D. makes good business senseAccording to the World Commission on Environment and Development, how is sustainable development defined? A. It meets the needs of the future without compromising the ability of the present generations to meet their own needs. B. It applies the fairness doctrine that no generation, present or future, will be disadvantaged in their ability to meet their own needs. C. It meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. D. none of the aboveSustainability reporting can incorporate which of the following? A. environmental reporting B. social reporting C. business viability reporting D. all of the aboveWhat caused Union Carbides deadly gas leak in Bhopal, India, which killed 3,000 and injured 42,000? A. a combination of low staff levels, corruption, pay-oils to employees to keep quiet, and the manager going on vacation the day before the leak B. diversion of funds and resources to a Northern India project that also took staff from the Bhopal plant, plus many safety issues, including fines imposed on community members who camped too close to the plant C. employees deciding to have lunch before dealing with the pressure buildup inside the tank and bribes paid to the government employees who inspected the plant D. a combination of low staff levels, numerous safety issues, and a Lack of Immediate employee attention to the problem as pressure built up inside the tankNestlĂ©s reputation was damaged when the company was accused of which of the following? A. forcing mothers to buy baby formula within days of delivering their bables B. promoting inadequate nutrition in developing countries C. providing cheap formula to mothers in developing countries, but more expensive to mothers in developed countries D. selling poor quality bottled water to developing countriesWhich form of energy is renewable? A. solar B. oil C. coal D. nuclearWhich of the following types of reporting does the Triple Bottom Line not incorporate? A. management B. social C. environmental D. economicWhich of the following best defines stakeholders? A. investors and lenders B. environmental groups C. anyone directly or indirectly affected by the organization D. groups or individuals financially impacted by the organizationWhich of the following statements is most often the case? A. Socially responsible businesses tend to post higher profits than those not focused on social responsibility. B. Companies that are not socially responsible will have better profits, but have a moral obligation to society. C. Socially responsible investing gives poorer returns than non-socially responsible Investing. D. Investors are more short termed focus and so socially responsible investing should not be a factor in their investment portfolio.Which standards are considered universal under the GRI? A. economic, environmental, social B. foundation, general disclosures, management approach C. foundation, economic, general disclosures D. management approach, economic, socialThe SASB view on materiality has been adapted from which of the following? A. the U.S. Executive branch B. the GRI definition C. a determination by U.S. Congress D. the U.S. Supreme CourtThe fundamental tenets of SASBs Approach are considered _______. A. evidence-based, industry-specific, and market-informed B. industry-specific, interest-based, and value creating C. consensus-based, industry-specific, and actionable D. interest-based, value creating, and market-informedHow many broad categories of capital are identified by the Integrated Reporting Framework? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8What is sustainability and how might corporations incorporate sustainability practices into their business?What is the value of triple bottom line reporting to users? What is the cost to the company to provide this extra information?What type of information do you think an oil company should include in their sustainability report? What about a car manufacturer? A large retailer?Identify four different stakeholders In need of sustainability information and show how their actions might affect a business.How might a business interact with each of the four different stakeholders you identified in the previous exercise?Contrast the investment risk potentials of an electric vehicle manufacturer whose shares have a PE ratio of 10:1 and a coal company whose stock has a PE ratio of 2.5 to 1.There are currently no formal mandatory environmental accounting standards firms must adhere to. Given the lack of regulation, should accountants even bother with preparing sustainability reports? Why or why not?Explain the role and purpose of the Global Reporting InitiativeExplain the role and purpose of the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board.Explain the role and purpose of the Integrated Reporting Framework.