Use this mRNA coding sequence as your starting point. This sequence begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon, so it is only looking at the region of DNA that directly encodes a protein sequence.5’-AUGCACAAAUUAGAGUACCCCCCAGGAAGGUAG-3’Make the following mutation in this sequence by changing/adding/removing only one nucleotide. Make the mutation easy to see (a different color, circled, something like that)A frameshift mutation **Table 13.1: The Genetic Code**This table explains the genetic code using three-letter codons, specifying which amino acids are produced from combinations of nucleotides. The chart is organized into a grid that aids in decoding the codons.### Structure of the Table:- **Rows and Columns:** - The horizontal rows indicate the first base in the codon (U, C, A, G). - The vertical columns indicate the second base in the codon (U, C, A, G). - Each cell within the table lists the possible third base options and the corresponding amino acid or function.### Explanation of the Grid:#### **First Base: U**- **UUU, UUC**: Phenylalanine (Phe)- **UUA, UUG**: Leucine (Leu)- **UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG**: Serine (Ser)- **UAU, UAC**: Tyrosine (Tyr)- **UAA, UAG**: Stop codon- **UGU, UGC**: Cysteine (Cys)- **UGA**: Stop codon- **UGG**: Tryptophan (Trp)#### **First Base: C**- **CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG**: Leucine (Leu)- **CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG**: Proline (Pro)- **CAU, CAC**: Histidine (His)- **CAA, CAG**: Glutamine (Gln)- **CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG**: Arginine (Arg)#### **First Base: A**- **AUU, AUC, AUA**: Isoleucine (Ile)- **AUG**: Methionine (Met); start codon- **ACU, ACC, ACA, ACG**: Threonine (Thr)- **AAU, AAC**: Asparagine (Asn)- **AAA, AAG**: Lysine (Lys)- **AGU, AGC**: Serine (Ser)- **AGA, AGG**: Arginine (Arg)#### **First Base: G**- **GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG

A frameshift mutation in a gene is when nucleotide bases are added or removed in increments that are not multiples of three. If a mutation throws off this regular reading frame, the entire gene sequence after the mutation will be misread. If a nucleotide is added to or deleted from this reading frame, a mutation known as a frameshift, then the reading frame will be shifted or changes by one nucleotide pair and so the mRNA generated in this sequence will have an altered codon, which on translation will result in the termination of protein synthesis. DNA :- 5’-AGC ACA AAA GAG ACC CCC CAG GAA GGA G-3’ mRNA :- 5’-UCG UGU UUU CUC UGG GGG GUC CUU CCU C-3’ PROTEIN ;- N-SER CYS PHE LEU TRP GLY VAL LEU PRO C -C If due to frameshift insertion mutation an A nucleotide is inserted before G of the fourth codon , then DNA :- 5’-AGC ACA AAA AGA GAC CCC CCA GGA AGG AG-3’ mRNA :- 5’-UCG UGU UUU UCU CUG GGG GGU CCU UCC UC-3’ PROTEIN ;- N-SER CYS PHE SER LEU GLY GLY PRO SER UC -C Here due to the frameshift mutation an extra amino acid will be added into the chain between phenylalanine and leucine and will change the structure of the polypeptide so formed .Hence, the above example demonstrates how the particular frameshift mutation changes the protein.