The first column of the table below shows the beginning of a gene and five different mutations of this part of the gene. Use the base-pairing rules to complete the second column. For each mutation, result of the mutation and use "X" marks to write in any mRNA codons that will be changed as indicate codons that will not be changed. Use the codon wheel on page 10.11 to identify any stop codons in the mRNA molecules. Circle the stop codons. Use the codon wheel to complete the last column. For each mutation, write in any amino acids that will be changed and use "X" marks to indicate any amino acids that will not be changed. Use dashes to indicate any amino acids that will be missing as a result of a stop codon. First five mRNA codons Beginning of Protein Beginning of gene in DNA Original DNA = TACGCAAGTACCTGA... AUG CGU UCA Met - Arg - Ser – Trp - Thr UGG ACU Mutation 1 = TACGCCAGTACCTGA... (nucleotide change underlined) Mutation 2 = TACGCACGTACCTGA... (nucleotide change underlined) Mutation 3 = TACGCAAGTACTTGA... (nucleotide change underlined) Mutation 4 = TACGAAGTACCTGA... (second C deleted) Mutation 5 TACGCAAGTACTGA.. (third C deleted)
Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
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