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Second letter A G UUU Phenyl- UUC alanine UAU UAC UGU UGC Oysteine UCU Tyrosine UCC Serine UUA UUG UCA UCG UAA Stop codon UGA Stop codon A Leucine UAG Stop codon UGG Tryptophan G CAU CAC CUU CUC CUA CUG CU CCC CCA CCG CGU CGC CGA CGG Hstidine Leucine Proline Arginine CAA CAG Glutamine AUU AUC Isoleucine A AUA AAU AAC Asparagine AGU ACU ACC ACA Methionine: ACG AGC Serine Threonine AAA AAG Lysine AGA AUG start codon AGG Arginine GUU GUC G GUA GUG GCU GCC Alanine GCA GCG GAU Aspartic GAC acid GGU GGC GGA Valne Glycine GAA Gutamic GAG A GGG acid Туре of Effect: Altered sequence Original sequence protein/ amino acid mutation: DNA nucleotide AUUCGAGUA MRNA AUUCGGGUA amino acid | ACGGAACCG ACGGUACCG MRNA amino acid GCUAGAAGU GCUUGAAGU MRNA amino acid GGCGCUACAUCA GGCAGCUACAUCA MRNA amino acid MRNA GGCGCUACAUCA GGGCUACAUCA amino acid Third letter First letter

Second letter A G UUU Phenyl- UUC alanine UAU UAC UGU UGC Oysteine UCU Tyrosine UCC Serine UUA UUG UCA UCG UAA Stop codon UGA Stop codon A Leucine UAG Stop codon UGG Tryptophan G CAU CAC CUU CUC CUA CUG CU CCC CCA CCG CGU CGC CGA CGG Hstidine Leucine Proline Arginine CAA CAG Glutamine AUU AUC Isoleucine A AUA AAU AAC Asparagine AGU ACU ACC ACA Methionine: ACG AGC Serine Threonine AAA AAG Lysine AGA AUG start codon AGG Arginine GUU GUC G GUA GUG GCU GCC Alanine GCA GCG GAU Aspartic GAC acid GGU GGC GGA Valne Glycine GAA Gutamic GAG A GGG acid Туре of Effect: Altered sequence Original sequence protein/ amino acid mutation: DNA nucleotide AUUCGAGUA MRNA AUUCGGGUA amino acid | ACGGAACCG ACGGUACCG MRNA amino acid GCUAGAAGU GCUUGAAGU MRNA amino acid GGCGCUACAUCA GGCAGCUACAUCA MRNA amino acid MRNA GGCGCUACAUCA GGGCUACAUCA amino acid Third letter First letter

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Identify (and highlight or underline) the one nucleotide difference between the original (left) and altered (right) sequences

**Instructions for Analyzing mRNA Nucleotide Sequences:** For each of the five short mRNA nucleotide sequences given in the table below: 1. **Translate the Original Sequence** - Begin translation at the first nucleotide for these short sequences. 2. **Identify and Highlight Differences** - Find and underline the one nucleotide difference between the original (left) and altered (right) sequences. 3. **Type of Mutation** - For each altered nucleotide sequence, specify the type of mutation and its effect at the DNA/nucleotide level (refer to point #1). 4. **Translate Each Changed Sequence** - Determine if the mutation results in a change in the amino acid sequence. If there is a change, explain the effect on protein structure (refer to point #2). This exercise will aid in understanding how mutations can affect protein synthesis and structure.
Transcribed Image Text:**Instructions for Analyzing mRNA Nucleotide Sequences:** For each of the five short mRNA nucleotide sequences given in the table below: 1. **Translate the Original Sequence** - Begin translation at the first nucleotide for these short sequences. 2. **Identify and Highlight Differences** - Find and underline the one nucleotide difference between the original (left) and altered (right) sequences. 3. **Type of Mutation** - For each altered nucleotide sequence, specify the type of mutation and its effect at the DNA/nucleotide level (refer to point #1). 4. **Translate Each Changed Sequence** - Determine if the mutation results in a change in the amino acid sequence. If there is a change, explain the effect on protein structure (refer to point #2). This exercise will aid in understanding how mutations can affect protein synthesis and structure.
**Genetic Code Chart and Mutation Analysis** **Genetic Code Chart:** - The chart is a representation of the mRNA codon table. It provides the correlation between nucleotide triplets (codons) and amino acids, including start and stop signals for protein synthesis. - The codons are grouped by their initial nucleotide (U, C, A, G) on the left side (first letter), with the second nucleotide in the top row, and the third nucleotide on the right side. - For example: - UUU and UUC code for Phenylalanine. - AUG (highlighted) serves as the start codon and codes for Methionine. - UGA, UAG, and UAA are stop codons, signaling the end of protein synthesis. **Mutation Analysis Table:** - **Columns:** 1. **Original Sequence:** Displays the initial mRNA sequence. 2. **Altered Sequence:** Shows the mRNA sequence after a mutation has occurred. 3. **Type of Mutation: DNA Nucleotide:** Describes the specific change at the DNA level that led to the mRNA alteration. 4. **Effect: Protein/Amino Acid:** Notes changes in the resultant protein or amino acid sequence due to mutation. - **Entries:** 1. **Original mRNA Sequence:** AUUCGGAUA - **Altered mRNA Sequence:** AUUCGGUGA - **Amino Acid Sequence:** [Not provided; participants are likely required to deduce the amino acid transformation and effects based on the chart.] 2. **Original mRNA Sequence:** ACGGAAACC - **Altered mRNA Sequence:** ACGGUACCG - **Amino Acid Sequence:** [Analysis required.] 3. **Original mRNA Sequence:** GCUAGGAUC - **Altered mRNA Sequence:** GCUUAGGAGU - **Amino Acid Sequence:** [Analysis required.] 4. **Original mRNA Sequence:** GGCGCUCAUCA - **Altered mRNA Sequence:** GGCGACUCAUCA - **Amino Acid Sequence:** [Analysis required.] 5. **Original mRNA Sequence:** GGCGCUACAUC - **Altered mRNA Sequence:** GGGCACUACUCA -
Transcribed Image Text:**Genetic Code Chart and Mutation Analysis** **Genetic Code Chart:** - The chart is a representation of the mRNA codon table. It provides the correlation between nucleotide triplets (codons) and amino acids, including start and stop signals for protein synthesis. - The codons are grouped by their initial nucleotide (U, C, A, G) on the left side (first letter), with the second nucleotide in the top row, and the third nucleotide on the right side. - For example: - UUU and UUC code for Phenylalanine. - AUG (highlighted) serves as the start codon and codes for Methionine. - UGA, UAG, and UAA are stop codons, signaling the end of protein synthesis. **Mutation Analysis Table:** - **Columns:** 1. **Original Sequence:** Displays the initial mRNA sequence. 2. **Altered Sequence:** Shows the mRNA sequence after a mutation has occurred. 3. **Type of Mutation: DNA Nucleotide:** Describes the specific change at the DNA level that led to the mRNA alteration. 4. **Effect: Protein/Amino Acid:** Notes changes in the resultant protein or amino acid sequence due to mutation. - **Entries:** 1. **Original mRNA Sequence:** AUUCGGAUA - **Altered mRNA Sequence:** AUUCGGUGA - **Amino Acid Sequence:** [Not provided; participants are likely required to deduce the amino acid transformation and effects based on the chart.] 2. **Original mRNA Sequence:** ACGGAAACC - **Altered mRNA Sequence:** ACGGUACCG - **Amino Acid Sequence:** [Analysis required.] 3. **Original mRNA Sequence:** GCUAGGAUC - **Altered mRNA Sequence:** GCUUAGGAGU - **Amino Acid Sequence:** [Analysis required.] 4. **Original mRNA Sequence:** GGCGCUCAUCA - **Altered mRNA Sequence:** GGCGACUCAUCA - **Amino Acid Sequence:** [Analysis required.] 5. **Original mRNA Sequence:** GGCGCUACAUC - **Altered mRNA Sequence:** GGGCACUACUCA -
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