The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn. Concept Introduction: The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The principle that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows: 1 s < 2 s < 2 p < 3 s < 3 p < 4 s < 3 d < 4 p < 5 s < 4 d < 5 p < 6 s < 4 f < 5 d < 6 p < 7 s Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different. If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.102QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The principle that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.

If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or an excited state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Give the structure(s) of the product(s) the reaction below, and be sure to indicate any relative stereochemistry (you can assume that each of the Diels-Alder reactions will proceed with endo selectivity). Draw out relevant enantiomer(s) if they are expected to form. If no reaction is expected to occur under the indicated conditions, then write "no reaction" or NR, and explain why you would expect nothing to occur. If more than one product is formed, please indicate which one will be the major product or if they will be formed in equal amounts. In all cases, equimolar amounts of both components/reagents are present unless indicated otherwise I'm struggling to see how this reaction will go! I am wondering if it will cycle on itself but I'm not sure how I drew out a decagon but I'm a bit lost

Give the structure(s) of the product(s) for the reactions below, and be sure to indicate any relative stereochemistry (you can assume that each of the Diels-Alder reactions will proceed with endo selectivity). Draw out relevant enantiomer(s) if they are expected to form. If no reaction is expected to occur under the indicated conditions, then write "no reaction" or NR, and explain why you would expect nothing to occur. If more than one product is formed, please indicate which one will be the major product or if they will be formed in equal amounts. In all cases, equimolar amounts of both components/reagents are present unless indicated otherwise .

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.102QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The principle that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.

If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or an excited state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.102QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The principle that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.

If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or an excited state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.102QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The principle that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.

If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or an excited state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 7.102QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The principle that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.

If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or an excited state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 7.102QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The principle that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.

If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 7.102QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The principle that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.

If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or an excited state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or an excited state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.1QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.2QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.3QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.4QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.5QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.6QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.7QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.8QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.9QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.10QE

Solution Summary: The author explains that the electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom.

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Chapter 7 Solutions