Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285866932
Author: Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 4.5, Problem 4CYU
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The difference between protein kinase and protein phosphatases.
Introduction:
The most common way by which cell communication takes place is through extracellular chemical messengers or signals, which are of four types namely paracrines, neurotransmitters, hormones and neurohormones. In each case, the signal molecule, a particular chemical messenger, is synthesized to a designated purpose using specialized control cells.
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Explain why cells contain an array of protein phosphatases as well as protein kinases.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4.1 - Name the two types of excitable tissue.Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.1 - State the factor responsible for triggering gate...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.3 - Draw and label an action potential, indicating the...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.3 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4CYU
Ch. 4.4 - Explain why synapses operate only in the direction...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.4 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 4.5 - Define target cell.Ch. 4.5 - Distinguish among the four types of extracellular...Ch. 4.5 - Outline the three general means by which binding...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 4.6 - Distinguish between cytokines and eicosanoids.Ch. 4.6 - Discuss the roles of phospholipase A2,...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.8 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4 - Conformational changes in channel proteins brought...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2RECh. 4 - Prob. 3RECh. 4 - Prob. 4RECh. 4 - Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about...Ch. 4 - Each steroidogenic organ has all the enzymes...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7RECh. 4 - Prob. 8RECh. 4 - Prob. 9RECh. 4 - Prob. 10RECh. 4 - Prob. 11RECh. 4 - Prob. 12RECh. 4 - Prob. 13RECh. 4 - A common membrane-bound intermediary between the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15RECh. 4 - Prob. 16RECh. 4 - Prob. 17RECh. 4 - Prob. 18RECh. 4 - Define the following terms: polarization,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2UCCh. 4 - Prob. 3UCCh. 4 - Prob. 4UCCh. 4 - Compare the four kinds of gated channels in terms...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6UCCh. 4 - Prob. 7UCCh. 4 - Prob. 8UCCh. 4 - Prob. 9UCCh. 4 - Define signal transduction.Ch. 4 - Compare the tyrosine kinase and JAK/STAT pathways.Ch. 4 - Prob. 12UCCh. 4 - Prob. 13UCCh. 4 - Describe how arachidonic acid is converted into...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15UCCh. 4 - Prob. 16UCCh. 4 - Explain how the cascading effect of hormonal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 18UCCh. 4 - Answer the following questions regarding...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2SQECh. 4 - Prob. 3SQECh. 4 - Prob. 1ACRCh. 4 - The rate at which the Na+K+ pump operates is not...Ch. 4 - Which of the following would occur if a neuron...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3TAHLCh. 4 - Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5TAHL
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- What is the function of a protein kinase?arrow_forwardIn the regulation of enzyme activity by phosphorylation (as discussed in class), the introduction of phosphate to the enzyme being controlled: requires a protein phosphatase enzyme but not ATP requires a protein phosphatase enzyme plus ATP O requires a protein kinase enzyme but not ATP O requires a protein kinase enzyme plus ATParrow_forwardWhat is the source of the ATP for the kinase reaction?arrow_forward
- Give and explain the types and examples of kinase transferase enzyme.arrow_forwardAll except which one of the following can be a function of the heterotrimeric G protein of a GPCR? a) inhibit adenylyl cyclase b) activate adenylyl cyclase c) act as a protein kinase d) activate ion channelsarrow_forwardDescribe the structures and functions of actin-based cellular structures.arrow_forward
- Identify eight general types of protein kinases found in eukaryotic cells, and explain what factor is directly responsible for activating each type.arrow_forwardThe electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane is important for cellular functions including protein transport and information transfer. Pinpoint the specific protein and explain how it maintains the electrochemical gradient.arrow_forwardDescribe the THREE classes of plasma membrane receptors.arrow_forward
- What happens if a kinase is overactive and phosporylates the protein too much?arrow_forwardWhat is the function of a protein kinase? What amino acids are often phosphorylated by kinases?arrow_forwardSelect statements that accurately describe receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Some RTKs are dimeric in the presence of a ligand. GTPase activity is required for autophosphorylation (cross-phosphorylation). The structure includes a transmembrane helix. The intracellular domain has kinase domains. The a subunit contains seven a helices that span the membrane. A ligand binds to the extracellular domain.arrow_forward
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