Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285866932
Author: Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4.2, Problem 2CYU
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The effect of the increase in potential and resistance on current flow.
Introduction:
Any flow of electrical charges is called a current. By convention, the current flow direction is expressed as the direction in which the positive charges move.The difference in electric potential on the opposite sides of the cell membrane is called membrane potential.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4.1 - Name the two types of excitable tissue.Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.1 - State the factor responsible for triggering gate...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.3 - Draw and label an action potential, indicating the...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.3 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4CYU
Ch. 4.4 - Explain why synapses operate only in the direction...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.4 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 4.5 - Define target cell.Ch. 4.5 - Distinguish among the four types of extracellular...Ch. 4.5 - Outline the three general means by which binding...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 4.6 - Distinguish between cytokines and eicosanoids.Ch. 4.6 - Discuss the roles of phospholipase A2,...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.8 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4 - Conformational changes in channel proteins brought...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2RECh. 4 - Prob. 3RECh. 4 - Prob. 4RECh. 4 - Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about...Ch. 4 - Each steroidogenic organ has all the enzymes...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7RECh. 4 - Prob. 8RECh. 4 - Prob. 9RECh. 4 - Prob. 10RECh. 4 - Prob. 11RECh. 4 - Prob. 12RECh. 4 - Prob. 13RECh. 4 - A common membrane-bound intermediary between the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15RECh. 4 - Prob. 16RECh. 4 - Prob. 17RECh. 4 - Prob. 18RECh. 4 - Define the following terms: polarization,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2UCCh. 4 - Prob. 3UCCh. 4 - Prob. 4UCCh. 4 - Compare the four kinds of gated channels in terms...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6UCCh. 4 - Prob. 7UCCh. 4 - Prob. 8UCCh. 4 - Prob. 9UCCh. 4 - Define signal transduction.Ch. 4 - Compare the tyrosine kinase and JAK/STAT pathways.Ch. 4 - Prob. 12UCCh. 4 - Prob. 13UCCh. 4 - Describe how arachidonic acid is converted into...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15UCCh. 4 - Prob. 16UCCh. 4 - Explain how the cascading effect of hormonal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 18UCCh. 4 - Answer the following questions regarding...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2SQECh. 4 - Prob. 3SQECh. 4 - Prob. 1ACRCh. 4 - The rate at which the Na+K+ pump operates is not...Ch. 4 - Which of the following would occur if a neuron...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3TAHLCh. 4 - Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5TAHL
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- A. There is a lower resistance in the lower panel at the point where voltage is measured. B. There is a greater capacitance in the lower panel at the point where voltage is measured. C. The membrane voltage measured in the lower panel is farther away from the current pulse.arrow_forwardAn electromagnetic flowmeter can measure the speed of blood flow through an artery during surgery. When the meter is turned on, positively- and negatively-charged ions in the blood tend to accumulate near opposite walls of the artery (as shown in the diagram below). This causes an electric field within the artery. + + + + + + + + + + blood flow (a) Sketch the electric field set up by the grouping of ions. (b) What is the magnitude of the force on an ion, with charge of *q, flowing along the middle of the artery, due to the electric field within the artery? Express your answer in relation to the magnitude of the electric field. (c) What is the direction of this force? (d) Repeat for charge of q (equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.)arrow_forwardWhat property is responsible for the initial ramp of the membrane potential at the onset of the current pulse?A: Membrane capacitanceB: Membrane resistance explain your choicearrow_forward
- Below are drawings of three different action potentials. Two of these occur in the heart, and one occurs in skeletal muscle. Which one comes from a contractile cardiac muscle cell? A skeletal muscle cell? A cardiac pacemaker cell? For each one, state which ion is responsible for the depolarization phase and which ion is responsible for the repolarization phase.arrow_forwardThe conductance of which ion results in phase 2 characteristics in a ventricular myocyte action potential? Select one: Sodium Potassium Calcium Chloridearrow_forwardDescribe what would happen to the action potential if we blocked the Calcium channels in caridac myocytes, and the effect it would have on the heart.arrow_forward
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- Briefly explain the arrangement of vasa recta for counter current mechanism?arrow_forwardMake a list of the different physiological equations: Cardiac Output (Q) = Fick Equation for VO2 = Pulse Pressure (PP) =arrow_forwardPropagation of action potential and transmission mean: current flow along the cell membrane current flow through the synapse current flow using saltatory conduction all of the abovearrow_forward
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