Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285866932
Author: Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4.1, Problem 2CYU
Summary Introduction
To draw:
A graph depicting the changes in potential during depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization as compared to resting membrane potential.
Introduction:
All body cells have a membrane potential, which divides the positive and negative charges throughout the membrane. This potential is associated with uneven distribution of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and large intracellular protein anions, between the ICF (intracellular fluid) and the ECF (extracellular fluid) as well as to the plasma membrane's differential permeability. When the cell is electrically resting and does not produce electrical signal, the constant membrane potential is called resting membrane potential.
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Identify the stages involved during the changes in membrane potential of the neuron represented in the graph above.
Number:
Answer
Answer
Answer
Answer
Stage:
Hyperpolarization
Repolarization
Resting State
Depolarization
At the peak of an action potential, would the relative permeability of Na be higher than K? Which ion would be the least permeable to the membrane during falling phase?
Describe the events of an action potential in terms of ions and gates or channels beginning with the generation of a local potential through the re-establishment of resting membrane potential.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4.1 - Name the two types of excitable tissue.Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.1 - State the factor responsible for triggering gate...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.3 - Draw and label an action potential, indicating the...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.3 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4CYU
Ch. 4.4 - Explain why synapses operate only in the direction...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.4 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 4.5 - Define target cell.Ch. 4.5 - Distinguish among the four types of extracellular...Ch. 4.5 - Outline the three general means by which binding...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 4.6 - Distinguish between cytokines and eicosanoids.Ch. 4.6 - Discuss the roles of phospholipase A2,...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.8 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4 - Conformational changes in channel proteins brought...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2RECh. 4 - Prob. 3RECh. 4 - Prob. 4RECh. 4 - Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about...Ch. 4 - Each steroidogenic organ has all the enzymes...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7RECh. 4 - Prob. 8RECh. 4 - Prob. 9RECh. 4 - Prob. 10RECh. 4 - Prob. 11RECh. 4 - Prob. 12RECh. 4 - Prob. 13RECh. 4 - A common membrane-bound intermediary between the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15RECh. 4 - Prob. 16RECh. 4 - Prob. 17RECh. 4 - Prob. 18RECh. 4 - Define the following terms: polarization,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2UCCh. 4 - Prob. 3UCCh. 4 - Prob. 4UCCh. 4 - Compare the four kinds of gated channels in terms...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6UCCh. 4 - Prob. 7UCCh. 4 - Prob. 8UCCh. 4 - Prob. 9UCCh. 4 - Define signal transduction.Ch. 4 - Compare the tyrosine kinase and JAK/STAT pathways.Ch. 4 - Prob. 12UCCh. 4 - Prob. 13UCCh. 4 - Describe how arachidonic acid is converted into...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15UCCh. 4 - Prob. 16UCCh. 4 - Explain how the cascading effect of hormonal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 18UCCh. 4 - Answer the following questions regarding...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2SQECh. 4 - Prob. 3SQECh. 4 - Prob. 1ACRCh. 4 - The rate at which the Na+K+ pump operates is not...Ch. 4 - Which of the following would occur if a neuron...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3TAHLCh. 4 - Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5TAHL
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)arrow_forwardDraw and label an action potential, indicating the ion movements responsible for the rising phase and the falling phase.arrow_forwardDefine an action potential.arrow_forward
- Define depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization in terms of how it affects the membrane potential of an excitable cell.arrow_forwardIf: membrane potential=-70mV, ENa=+60mV, and Ex=-90mV, consider which directions Na+ and K+ will leak across the membrane. If both ions are crossing the membrane, what is the most important factor in determining whether membrane potential will become more positive or more negative?arrow_forwardWhat ion is the major influence on the resting membrane potential? Explain its role.arrow_forward
- Match each type of membrane potential (resting, threshold, graded, or action) to its definition: a) The membrane potential at which voltage gated sodium channels open. b) The membrane potential that triggers the action potential. c) Change in membrane potential that may or may not reach threshold and that may be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing. d) Rapid, strong depolarization followed by immediate repolarization. This potential is self-renewing if the right ion channels are nearby.arrow_forwardDescribe the ion movement across the cell membrane during the following stages: resting potential, threshold potential, depolarization, repolarization.arrow_forwardwhich of the following would be true (more than one can be true)? a) summation of A and X would reach threshold b) summation of C and A would be a graded potential c) stimulation by A would depolarize cell d) stimulation by B would be a subthreshold depolarization e) summation of B and C would be a graded potential with the net value of 12 mV depolarizationarrow_forward
- The following is a graph of membrane potential over time during an action potential. At which labeled point, A-D, would permeability to potassium (K+) be the greatest? A) B) C) D)arrow_forwardWhat is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 154 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 23 mM at 20 ∘C ?arrow_forwardWhat is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 154 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 23 mM at 20 ∘C ?arrow_forward
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