Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 45, Problem 12TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The mechanism that foreign invaders use to trigger the immune responses. The mutated virus with surface protein altered pose a monitoring problem for memory cells.
Introduction:
The foreign invaders (antigens) when enters the body, the immune system of the body recognizes them as nonself and destroy them by representing them to immune cells. The interaction of foreign invaders and immune cells cause the immune cell activation. The immune cells now produce some chemicals and produce antibody as an immune response.
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Chapter 45 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.1 - What are the key differences between innate...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.2 - What processes specifically cause each...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 45.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 45.3 - How, in general, do antibody-mediated and...Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 45.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 45.3 - What is clonal selection?
Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 5SBCh. 45.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 45.5 - Compare invertebrate and mammalian immune...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 45 - Which of the following is not a component of the...Ch. 45 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 45 - After Sally punctured her hand with a dirty nail,...Ch. 45 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 45 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Defensins are found in...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 4ITD
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- A number of vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus (which causes COVID) are currently in use. Based on what you learned about the immune system and vaccines, this vaccine should provide immunity against this virus because: a Vaccines bind to the variable region of immunoglobulins, and prevent the antibody-antigen interactions required for the virus to be released from cells. b Vaccines elicit a primary immune response and resulting memory cells specific to the viral antigens can persist in the body c Vaccines block clonal expansion of helper T cells which are required for the virus to infect cells d Vaccines block the production of cytokines e Vaccines induce cytotoxic T cells to produce antibodies specific to antigens on the virusarrow_forwardHIV can be treated with therapy, but there is a growing in the level of innate immune activation despite control of T cells and a negligible viral load. Explain why you think this may happen?arrow_forwardKiller T-cells help protect us from viral infections. Explain the mechanism of their action.arrow_forward
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- Briefly list three mechanisms by which monoclonal antibodies that bind to viruses or virally infected cells, such as anti-Spike protein antibodies, cause reduction of viral infection and spreadarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a mechanism used by the immune system to fight multicellular parasites? Select one: a. Antibodies coating the pathogen surface bind to FcRs on mast cells, causing release of granule contents onto surface, and damage the parasite. b. Crosslinking of antibody binding to FceRI on eosinophils cells triggers release of granules, causing smooth muscle contractions. Muscle contractions in the mucosal tracts causes sneezing, coughing, vomiting or diarrhea, dislodging the parasite. d. The parasite is killed and broken down extracellularly, and then phagocytosed by macrophages. C.arrow_forwardAntibodies play a critical role in the prevention of infection by the specific viruses the antibody is designed to detect. Which immune system cell produces antibodies? Indicate four ways that antibodies can disrupt the ability of a virus to infect a cell. PLEASE ANSWER ALL PARTS TO THIS QUESTIONarrow_forward
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