Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 45, Problem 14TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
Based on the fact that astronauts in space show a decline in their ability to mount an immune response and, consequently, develop a decreased resistance to infection. An experiment to be designed on Earth to answer this question.
Introduction:
Zero or micro gravity is exhibited in space as well as by the absence of air and atmosphere. Since space does not contain air in space and no atmosphere, so there is no gravity. Microgravity can only be experienced on research center designed in NASA. Human body when experience microgravity affect many body system functions, since humans evolved on Earth and are acclimatized to earth gravitational field.
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This graph is illustrating the principle that:
Secondary
response
(d)
Primary
Response
anitbody concentration
required for immunity
(a)
(b)
(c)
Time after infection
10
20
30
40
20
+ Second
Infection
10
30
40
in days
First
Infection
delay
your body can respond with more antibodies faster the second time it sees an antigen
O all of the other answers
O antibiotics won't work for viruses
vaccines will not work for viruses
the second infection is always much worse than the first infection
Antibody concentration in blood
QUESTION 2
Which statement best describes autoimmune diseases?
A condition in which B and I cels trigger anaphylactic shock in response to an antigen
A condition in which self molecules are treated as non-self
A condition in which the adaptive immune system fails to recognize the second infection by the same pathogen
A condition in which the immune system creates random antibodies
What are the different types of immunity? Please elaborate and explain them all
What are the types and characteristics of antibodies? please elaborate and explain them all
Chapter 45 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.1 - What are the key differences between innate...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.2 - What processes specifically cause each...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 45.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 45.3 - How, in general, do antibody-mediated and...Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 45.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 45.3 - What is clonal selection?
Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 5SBCh. 45.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 45.5 - Compare invertebrate and mammalian immune...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 45 - Which of the following is not a component of the...Ch. 45 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 45 - After Sally punctured her hand with a dirty nail,...Ch. 45 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 45 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Defensins are found in...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 4ITD
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Similar questions
- QUESTION 2 Which of these statements best demonstrates the difference between the action of B cells and T cells during an immune response? B cells carry out the cell-mediated response; cytotoxic T cells carry out the humoral response B cells confer active immunity; cytotoxic T cells confer passive immunity B cells respond the first time a pathogen in present; cytotoxic T cells respond all subsequent times B cells secrete antibodies against a pathogen; cytotoxic T cells kill pathogen-infected host cellsarrow_forwardThe type of immunity that required in response to the entry of a live pathogen into the body? Jonel was bitten by a stray dog. She was injected bg antibodies and antirabies vaccine.Antibodies injection is an example of? On the other hand,vaccine to stimulate immunity is an example of?arrow_forwardImmune system cells are produced in which of the following? O Thymus O Spleen O Liver Bone marrowarrow_forward
- Innate and Adaptive Immunity (describe each in your own words – compare and contrast)arrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements regarding our innate immune system is false? Question 15 options: The normal flora takes up space so that pathogenic microbes can't grow. The skin prevents entry of microbes into the body. Coughing speeds up the ciliary escalator, while smoking can destroy it. Phagocytosis destroys microbes that have escaped our physical and chemical barriers. Macrophages create antibodies against specific microbes.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about the immune system? Check all that apply. CD4 T Cells kill infection cell efficiently, whereas CD8 T cells only make cytokins Bone marrow and thymus are primary lymphoid organs and spleen and lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid organs Dendritic cells (DC) are the professional antigen presenting cells, whereas macrophages and B cells can present antigen for the second time. Immune response occurs mainly in the secondary lymphoid organs DC present antigens to T cells in the context of MHC, whereas B cells see antigens on their own in native conformational formarrow_forward
- Researchers have been trying to develop a way to get the immune system to accept foreign tissue as self. Can you think of some clinical applications for such a development?arrow_forwardThe Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Identify the components of cellular immunity, and define their roles in the immune response.arrow_forwardClassifying each of the following as either innate immunity, adaptive immunity, or both. 1. Recognize foreign pathogens 2. Involves B and T cells 3. Includes physical barriers such as the skinarrow_forward
- Human immune system During the inflammatory response, histamine plays a key role in causing capillaries to become more permeable to phagocytic cells such as neutrophils. Antibodies directly kill bacterial cells by activating cell death programs that lead to apoptosis. Interferons are signaling molecules produced by bacteria that block (or interfere) with the ability of plasma cells to release antibodies.arrow_forwardQUESTION 2 Which of these is a characteristic of adaptive immunity, but not innate immunity? inflammation interferons lysozyme memoryarrow_forwardQuestion 39 Which of the following have immunological memory? O endothelial cells smooth muscle cells B cells activated plateletsarrow_forward
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