Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 45.3, Problem 3SB
Summary Introduction
To review:
The general structure of an antibody molecule.
Introduction:
The antibodies are the soluble proteins of immunoglobulin (Ig) family that are secreted by the activated B lymphocytes in response to the antigen. These are grouped into five classes. The antibody binds to the antigen specifically.
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DNA from a strain of Bacillus subtilis with genotype a + b + c + d + e + is used to transform a strain with genotype a – b – c – d – e – . Pairs of genes are checked for co-transformation and results shown below are obtained. Based on these results, what is the order of the genes on the bacterial chromosome? Show how you work out the order by diagraming.
DNA from a strain of Bacillus subtilis with genotype a+ b+ c+ d+ e+ is used to transform a strain with genotype a– b– c– d– e–. Pairs of genes are checked for co-transformation and results shown below are obtained. Based on these results, what is the order of the genes on the bacterial chromosome? please show how you worked out the order by diagraming, thank you!
Pair of genes Co-transformation
a+ and b+ no
a+ and c+ no
a+ and d+ yes
a+ and e+ yes
b+ and c+ yes
b+ and d+ no
b+ and e+ no
c+ and d+ no
c+ and e+ yes
d+ and e+ no
Two haploid strains of S. cerevisae (yeast) are crossed. One has the genotype ABC and the other abc. Five sets of the resultant tetrads are noted below. In which set did a gene conversion event occur?
Explain your answer. A) abc, aBc, AbC, aBC B) abc, abc, ABC, ABC C) aBc, aBc, AbC, AbC D) abC, abc, ABc, ABC E) Abc, Abc, aBC, aBC
Chapter 45 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.1 - What are the key differences between innate...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.2 - What processes specifically cause each...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 45.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 45.3 - How, in general, do antibody-mediated and...Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 45.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 45.3 - What is clonal selection?
Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 5SBCh. 45.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 45.5 - Compare invertebrate and mammalian immune...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 45 - Which of the following is not a component of the...Ch. 45 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 45 - After Sally punctured her hand with a dirty nail,...Ch. 45 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 45 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Defensins are found in...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 4ITD
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- With respect to F+ and F- bacterial matings, answer the following questions: (a) How was it established that physical contact between cells was necessary? (b) How was it established that chromosome transfer was unidirectional? (c) What is the genetic basis for a bacterium’s being F+?arrow_forwardA group of genetics students mix two auxotrophic strains of bacteria: one is leu+ trp+ his− met− and the other is leu− trp− his+ met+. After mixing the two strains, they plate the bacteria on minimal medium and observe a few prototrophic colonies (leu+ trp+ his+ met+). They assume that some gene transfer has taken place between the two strains. How can they determine whether the transfer of genes is due to conjugation, transduction, or transformation?arrow_forwardWhat provides a convenient bridge between the low resolution of a karyotype and the ultra-high resolution of a complete genomic sequence?arrow_forward
- What is lateral gene trasfer? How might it take place between two bacterial cells?arrow_forwardSuppose the experiment of Meselson and Stahl was performed on a sample of 8 cells, each containing one copy of its circular double-stranded DNA genome, and that had been growing on normal 14N medium. You then grew the cells for 3 generations in medium containing 15N. The outcome would be A) 8 cells with single-stranded DNA molecules with 14N, and 24 cells with single-stranded DNA molecules with 15N. B) 16 cells with double-stranded DNA molecules with equal amounts of 14N and 15N, and 48 cells with double-stranded DNA molecules with 15N. C) 8 cells with double-stranded DNA molecules with equal amounts of 14N and 15N, and 24 cells with double-stranded DNA molecules with 15N. D) 8 cells with double-stranded DNA molecules with equal amounts of 14N and 15N, and 32 cells with double-stranded DNA molecules with 15N. E) 65 cells with single-stranded DNA molecules with 15N.arrow_forwardHow can comparative genomics help identify horizontal gene transfer?arrow_forward
- What characteristic specifically defines a High Frequency Recombination (HFr) cell line?arrow_forwardA reciprocal translocation occurs in an individual between chromosomes 4 and 18, and this translocation causes a disease in the individual. What is the most likely reason chromosome mutation causes a disease? a) The translocation causes a break in the chromosome in a gene regulatory region. b) Chromosomes with a translocation cannot replicate. c) An individual with a translocation has some genes duplicated. d) An individual with a translocation has some genes missing.arrow_forwardHow can the concept ofrecombination frequency beused in genetic mapping?arrow_forward
- In a transformation experiment, donor DNA was obtained from a prototroph bacterial strain (x* y z'), and the recipient was a triple auxotroph (x y z ). The following transformant classes were obtained: x* y z xy'z 160 130 190 170 x'y 3 xy x'y 5 What general conclusions can you draw about the linkage relationships among the three genes?arrow_forwardWhat is the main goal of comparative genome hybridization?Explain how the ratio of green to red fluorescence provides informationabout chromosome structure?arrow_forwardWith respect to F+ and F- bacterial matings, (a) How was it established that physical contact was necessary? (b) How was it established that chromosome transfer was unidirectional? (c) What is the genetic basis of a bacterium being F+?arrow_forward
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