Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 45, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Antibodies or the immunoglobulins are the large proteins, which are generated by plasma cells to deactivate the foreign pathogens. They identify the antigen present on the pathogen via its variable region.
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Which of the following is not a function of antibodies?
Select one:
a. They neutralize pathogens by masking the pathogen surface.
b. They act as molecular adaptors that bridge together pathogen and phagocyte surfaces.
c. They exert toxic effects directly.
d. They act as opsonins that mediate phagocytosis.
e. They activate complement fixation.
The followings are functions of antibody eliminating unknown particles or cells which enter into the body, except...
A. Attach to the active side of particle or cell that enters into the body
B. Make easier of macrophage to phagositosize unknown particle or cell that enters the body
C. Precipitate the unknown particle that dissolves in body fluid
D. Initiate the working system of complement
E. Eliminate bacteria that grows on endosome of macropahge
CHAPTER 20
The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Matching
SECTION 3 Revie w
Match each lettered term with the most closely related description.
a. opsonization
1
b. helper T cells
Two parallel pairs of polypeptide chains
Found on helper T cells
C. antibody
d. class II MHC
3
Active and passive
4 Transfer of antibodies
e. costimulation
Attacked by HIV
f. IgM
6 Enhances phagocytosis
g. class I MHC
h. IgG
7 MHC proteins present in the plasma
membranes of all nucleated cells
i. passive immunity
j. anaphylaxis
8
Differentiate into memory and plasma cells
9
MHC proteins present in the plasma
membranes of all APCS and lymphocytes
9
k. CD4 markers
10
I. acquired immunity
10 Antibodies used to determine blood type
11
m. B lymphocytes
11 Secondary binding process required for T cell activation
12
12 Accounts for 80 percent of all immunoglobulins
13
13 Circulating allergen stimulates mast cells throughout body
Match each lettered term with the
Chapter 45 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.1 - What are the key differences between innate...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.2 - What processes specifically cause each...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 45.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 45.3 - How, in general, do antibody-mediated and...Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 45.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 45.3 - What is clonal selection?
Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 5SBCh. 45.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 45.5 - Compare invertebrate and mammalian immune...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 45 - Which of the following is not a component of the...Ch. 45 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 45 - After Sally punctured her hand with a dirty nail,...Ch. 45 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 45 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Defensins are found in...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Complement can enhance phadocytosis because of the presence on macrophages and neutrophils of receptors for: а. Factor D b. C3b c. C6 d. C9arrow_forwardSynthesis of antibodies is part of: a. Innate immunity b. Adaptive immunity c. Active Passive immunity d. Artiicial passive immunityarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true for antigen presentation. a. Antigen presentation means that other cells attach the pathogen first and present it to T cells. b. Antigen-presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor to B cells c. Antigen presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor on their surface. d. Antigen-presenting cells are phagocytic cells e. Antigen presentation is required for T cell activation f. Cytokines released by macrophages are required for T cell activation g. T cell receptors recognize the MHC receptors in complex with antigen fragments displayed by antigen-presenting cells. h. Phagocytic cells are involved in innate immunity. Therefore they have no role in T-cell activationarrow_forward
- Match the terms to their most approriate description. Select the INCORRECT match. a. Subunit vaccine / Part of a pathogen rather than the complete cell or virus b. Toxoid / Antigenic but non-toxic derivative of a toxin c. Perforin / Molecule that is part of the complement cascade d. Antitoxin / Neutralizing antibodies e. Superantigen / Bacterial exotoxin that activates a high percentage of T cellsarrow_forwardAntibodies can have multiple mechanisms of action. The main mechanism is "flagging" a foreign body for phagocytosis and degradation. Another mechanism is... Select one: a. Binding of the Fc domain to T cells for cooperative antigen recognition and destruction. b. Altering the local pH by the formation of carbamate upon reaction with CO2 to denature protein antigens. c. Binding of the variable region to multiple different/distinct sites on the antigen. d. None of these. e. Binding of the antigen in regions essential for its function.arrow_forwardAntibodies Select one: a. are not specific, but act generally. b. are composed of four light and four heavy polypeptide chains. c. play a large role in cell-mediated immunity. d. are produced by both T and B cells. e. have a variable region that binds to a specific antigenic determinant.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements best characterizes interferons? A. Interferons are a nonspecific defense used to respond to viruses. B. Interferons are part of the humoral immune response against viruses. C. Interferons are part of the humoral immune response against bacteria. D. Interferons are a nonspecific defense used to respond to bacteria.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not accurately describe complement components? A. made by the spleen B. located in extracellular spaces C. some function as proteases once activated D. activated by a cascade of enzymatic reactions. E. soluble proteinsarrow_forwardMatch each lettered term with the most closely related description. a. cytotoxic T cells Stimulated by the release of cytokines from macrophages, helper T cells, and interferons, b. viruses The race is on: с. В сеlls 15 14 d. antibodies try to replicate before the immune system can mount a response. Two have already taken over cells in the body. quickly recognize the viruses as a foreign threat. They begin destroying viruses by engulfing them. e. helper T cells join the attack on virus- infected cells. They also fight cancer cells. f. macrophages g. natural killer (NK) cells h. regulatory T cells eieg ucl bris ah lo oolom i. memory T cells and B cells neo alled 18 alloo omeslo ofni ola 19 17 are Y-shaped proteins designed specifically to recognize a particular viral mature into plasma cells, which in turn produce Y-shaped proteins. ebie hel ert beer honelni vood avtne er (the battle managers of the immune system) emit sig- nals to other lymphocytes to join the attack. oeonetelagn or…arrow_forward
- Considering the mechanisms of innate immunity, which of the following pairs is accurately matched? Select one: a. Neutrophils – increase in number in response to bacterial infections b. Complement – slow the spread of viral infections c. Interferons – assist antibodies in the destruction of pathogens d. Eosinophil – recognize abnormal cells, such as cancer cellsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not an example of a complement control protein? a. decay-accelerating factor (DAF) b. factor H c. factor B d. membrane cofactor protein (MCP) e. factor P (properdin) f. factor I.arrow_forwardCorrectly order the steps in cellular Immunity. Below is a sequence of events. Place them in the order they should occur, number 1 being the first item. Select the step number from the drop down next to each item. Items to order: a) .Cytotoxic T cell (CTL) recognizes the infected host cell b) The CTL secretes perforin and granzyme, causing apoptosis c) The CTL interacts with epitope presented by MHC-I on the dendritic cell d) The helper T cell activates the CTL cellarrow_forward
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