Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 45, Problem 7TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The antigen presenting cells (APC) or the accessory cells are the cells that exhibit the antigens, which are complexed with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins present on their surface and this phenomenon is called as antigen presentation.
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Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect.
T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells?
a. They become cytotoxic T cells.
b. The become antigen presenting cells.
c. They become T helper cells.
d. They become plasma cells.
CHAPTER 20
The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Matching
SECTION 3 Revie w
Match each lettered term with the most closely related description.
a. opsonization
1
b. helper T cells
Two parallel pairs of polypeptide chains
Found on helper T cells
C. antibody
d. class II MHC
3
Active and passive
4 Transfer of antibodies
e. costimulation
Attacked by HIV
f. IgM
6 Enhances phagocytosis
g. class I MHC
h. IgG
7 MHC proteins present in the plasma
membranes of all nucleated cells
i. passive immunity
j. anaphylaxis
8
Differentiate into memory and plasma cells
9
MHC proteins present in the plasma
membranes of all APCS and lymphocytes
9
k. CD4 markers
10
I. acquired immunity
10 Antibodies used to determine blood type
11
m. B lymphocytes
11 Secondary binding process required for T cell activation
12
12 Accounts for 80 percent of all immunoglobulins
13
13 Circulating allergen stimulates mast cells throughout body
Match each lettered term with the
Which of the following statements regarding T cells activated by specific antigen is incorrect?
a. They receive co-stimulatory signals through CD28.
b. They suppress expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate (SIP).
c. They take several days before differentiating into effector T cells.
d. They cease to secrete and respond to interleukin-2 (IL-2).
e. They begin to express CTLA4, which serves to limit T-cell proliferation.
Chapter 45 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.1 - What are the key differences between innate...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.2 - What processes specifically cause each...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 45.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 45.3 - How, in general, do antibody-mediated and...Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 45.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 45.3 - What is clonal selection?
Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 5SBCh. 45.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 45.5 - Compare invertebrate and mammalian immune...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 45 - Which of the following is not a component of the...Ch. 45 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 45 - After Sally punctured her hand with a dirty nail,...Ch. 45 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 45 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Defensins are found in...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a. plasma cell: mediation of phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms in the plasma b. megakaryocyte: formation of platelets c. dendritic cell: activation of adaptive immune responses d. natural killer cell: develops from a common lymphoid progenitor e. neutrophil: formation of pus f. regulatory T cell: inhibition of T-cell activity.arrow_forwardThe immune system includes the various responses the body uses to ensure survival in the presence of disease-causing agents. Identify the example of innate immunity. A. Infected host cells are killed by toxic proteins from cytotoxic T cells. B. Toll-like receptors bind to foreign molecule fragments to initiate immune response. C. CD4 accessory proteins on the helper T cell surface bind to class II MHC molecules. D. IgE antibodies recognize and attach to pollen grains, stimulating an allergic reaction.arrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. In order for an antigen to activate or sensitize a T helper cell, the antigen must be a. coated with antibodies b. displayed on the surface of an APC along with MHC antigens c. displayed on the surface of another T cell with IgD antibodies d. partly digested by a natural killer cellarrow_forward
- The activation of cytotoxic T cells can result ina. lysis of virus-infected cells.b. production of cytokines.c. production of memory T cells.d. All of these are correct.arrow_forwardTo become a fully activated, antibody-secreting cell, B cells usually need: a. to encounter an antigen or receive a signal delivered by a helper T cell. b. to ingest a foreign invader such as a microobe. c. activation by a plasma cell d. contact with an antigen and helper T cell cytokinesarrow_forwardWhich of these is a valid example of an antigen and its corresponding epitope? Select one: a. An antigen is a retrovirus and an epitope is a portion of the retrovirus to which an antibody or T-cell binds. b. An antigen is an antibody and an epitope is the cytotoxic T-cell produced to degrade the antibody. c. None of these choices. d. An antigen is a cytotoxic T-cell and an epitope is a molecular portion of foreign material. e. An antigen is an antibody and the epitope is a virus to which the antigen binds.arrow_forward
- For each of the following statements, indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, explain why. a. Booster shots are required because repeated exposure to an antigen builds a stronger immune response b. The gene for the T-cell receptor must be cut and spliced together before it can be expressed c Our bodies face the greatest onslaught from foreign invaders through our skin d. Increased production of antibody in the immune system is driven by the presence of antigen e. Innate immunity is deployed only during the primary response, and adaptive immunity begins during a secondary response f. Autoimmunity and immunodeficiency are two different terms for the same set of general disorders g. If you receive intravenous immunoglobulin to treate a snakebite, you will be protected from the vemom of this type of snake in the future, but not from the venom of other types of snakes h. Innate and adaptive immunity work collaboratively to mount an immune response against pathogens i. The…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is false about HLA class I molecules? A. They are encoded by multiple and highly polymorphic genes. B. They consist of alpha and beta chains. C. They possess beta-2 microglobulin. D. They present foreign antigens to cytotoxic T cells. E. none of the abovearrow_forwardAll of the following are true in reference to T- cell priming except a. it occurs in primary lymphoid organs b. it transforms naive T cells into differentiated effector T cells c. it is the first stage of a primary adaptive immune response d. it requires interaction between naive T cells and antigen-presenting cells e. it takes place in many locations including, but not limited to, lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and the tonsils.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements does not describe tolerogens accurately? Select one: A. They can be the same molecules as immunogens. B. They lead immune cells to become unresponsive. C. They can be foreign antigens. D. They affect B cells but not T cells. E. The can be presented by antigen- presenting cells.arrow_forwardWhich of following is not a type of T lymphocyte? a. Helper T cell b. Memory T cell c. Cytotoxic T cell d. Mast T cellarrow_forwardA number of minor cancerous cells and infected viruses, such as Epstein Barr (EBV), are able to go undetected by cytotoxic T cell degradation by what possible mechanism? a. the production of normal class I MHC molecule b. helper T cell activation c. the deactivation of the complement system d. tumor antigen expression e. the production of the class II major histocompatability (MHC) moledulearrow_forward
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