Concept explainers
Nifedipine is an antihypertension medication that is also used to reduce the workload on the heart. The study below compares the effects of two different types of capsules used to administer the drug to patients (GITS—red line, and Cotracten X—blue line). Each graph shows changes with time following initial administra- tion of the capsules. Figure A compares the levels of nifedipine in the blood with each capsule type. The ability of the different cap- sules to reduce workload on the heart by altering blood pressure or heart rate is shown in Figures B and C, respectively.
Which type of capsule would you expect to have fewer side effects?
Source: M. J. Brown and C. B. Toal. 2008. Formulation of long-acting nifedipine tablets influences the heart rate and sympathetic nervous system response in hypertensive patients. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 65:646–652.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 44 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Consider each of the following endpoints and identify whether it is dichotomous (binary) or continuous: Group of answer choices Diastolic Blood Pressure 3 months after beginning medication A。Binary B。continuous Diagnosis: patient does/does not have cancer A。Binary B。continuous Patient achieves normal diastolic blood pressure within 30 days of starting a drug, or not A。Binary B。continuous FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second—the amount of air expelled from a patient against pressure within 1 second) A。Binary B。continuous Weight loss between baseline and 6 months A。Binary B。continuous Concentration of hemoglobin in a blood sample A。Binary B。continuous…arrow_forwardThe circulatory system is controlled in the Medulla oblongata through the accelerator and inhibitory centres. Draw a schematic diagram to show the sequences of events following low or high blood pressure detected at the baroreceptors.arrow_forwardFrom the experimental activity for PhysioEX Which of the following forms the (Y) axis of this graph Which of the following forms the (X) axis of this graph (A) Y - vessel length / X - flow rate (B) Y - flow rate / X - vessel length (C) Y - flow rate / X - peripheral resistance (D) Y - peripheral resistance / X - flow ratearrow_forward
- Medical evidence shows that a small change in the radius of an artery can indicate a large change in blood flow. For example, if one artery has a radius only 5% larger than another, the blood flow rate is 1.22 times as large. Further information is given in the table below. Increase in radius Times greater bloodflow rate 5% 1.22 10% 1.46 15% 1.75 20% 2.07 (a) Use the average rate of change to estimate how many times greater the blood flow rate is in an artery that has a radius 8% larger than another. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)1.364 times greater(b) Explain why if the radius is increased by 8% and then we increase the radius of the new artery by 8% again, the total increase in the radius is 16.64%. x + 8% of xx + 8/100 X xx + 0.08x = 1.08x1.08x + 8% of (1.08x)1.08x + 8/100 X (1.08x)1.08x + 0.0864x = 0.1664x = 16.64% (c) Use parts (a) and (b) to answer the following question: How many times greater is the blood flow rate in an artery that is 16.64%…arrow_forwardA plastic bag contains physiological saline solution for infusion into the blood stream. If the pressure in your vein is 15 torr, what is the minimum height required for infusing the saline into the vein at a pressure of 20 torr above the pressure in the vein (assume rsal = 1 kg/L). Note: ignore the pressure drop in the %3D injection needle! O 55 cm O 48 cm O 23 cm O 66 cm O 74 cm O 35 cmarrow_forwardWHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE BEHIND BLOOD TRANSFUSION? GIVE EXAMPLE. EXPLAIN COMPREHENSIVELY.arrow_forward
- A variety of ways to calculate heart rate from an ECG may be used. The quickest way to calculate heart rate on a rhythm strip is: Count the number of large squares between one R-R interval, and divide this number into 1500. Calculate the number of QRS complexes in 1 minute Count the number of R-R intervals in 6 seconds, and multiply by 10 Count the number of small squares between one R-R interval, and multiply this number by 300.arrow_forwardplease don't copy from any sourcearrow_forwardCould you please help me with this questionarrow_forward
- Provide the structures of warfarin (Coumadin), an anticoagulant (blood thinner), and fluconazole (Diflucan), an antifungal medication. Explain what happens if these drugs are taken up together.arrow_forwardWomersley number (a) of a human aorta is 20 and for the rabbit aorta is 17, the blood density is approximately the same across the species. The values of viscosity were 0.0035 Ns/m² for the human and 0.0040 Ns/m² for the rabbit. The diameter of the aorta is 2.0 cm for the man, and 0.7 cm for the rabbit, estimate the heart rate beats per minute (bpm) for both species.arrow_forwardA patient has tachycardia and has amiodarone infusing at 15 mL/h. The amiodarone concentration is 300 mg in 500 mL. At what rate, in mg/min, is the amiodarone infusing? Round to the tenth if applicable. A patient with a dysrhythmia has procainamide ordered at 2 mg/min. The concentration is procainamide 4g in 100 mL of D5W. How Many mL/h should the IV pump be programmed for? Round to the tenth if applicable. The patient is ordered to receive 16 units/h of regular insulin. Available is 200 units of regular insulin in 250 mL of 0.9% NS. At what rate in mL/h should the infusion pump be set at? Round to the tenth if applicable . Lanoxin Pediatric elixir is available 0.05 mg/mL. The ordered amount by the doctor is 45 mcg per dose two times per day. What is the amount in mL that the nurse will give per dose via oral syringe? Round to the tenth if applicable.arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Essentials of Pharmacology for Health ProfessionsNursingISBN:9781305441620Author:WOODROWPublisher:Cengage