Concept explainers
To review:
From the given data, we are required to examine whether both the capsules Contracten X and GITS are able to reduce the workload of heart.
Introduction:
A person who is suffering from hypertension needs to take Nifedipine drug under a doctor’s provisions. The function of this drug lowers the blood pressure and relaxes the blood vessels, so that the blood can flow easily. This medication should be taken regularly for effective results. A person who is suffering from hypertension needs to exercise on regular basis to avoid blood clotting. The given chart illustrates the effects of capsules GITS and Contarcten X over systolic blood pressure with respect to time (hours).
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Chapter 44 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Nifedipine is an antihypertension medication that is also used to reduce the workload on the heart. The study below compares the effects of two different types of capsules used to administer the drug to patients (GITSred line, and Cotracten Xblue line). Each graph shows changes with time following initial administra- tion of the capsules. Figure A compares the levels of nifedipine in the blood with each capsule type. The ability of the different cap- sules to reduce workload on the heart by altering blood pressure or heart rate is shown in Figures B and C, respectively. Which type of capsule would you expect to have fewer side effects? Source: M. J. Brown and C. B. Toal. 2008. Formulation of long-acting nifedipine tablets influences the heart rate and sympathetic nervous system response in hypertensive patients. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 65:646652.arrow_forwardAspirin is cardioprotective for its anti-thrombotic properties, which means that it prevents platelets from coagulating to make a clot. In cardiovascular practice, aspirin is prescribed to help prevent heart attacks and strokes. Which of the following is true?arrow_forwardThe circulatory system is controlled in the Medulla oblongata through the accelerator and inhibitory centres. Draw a schematic diagram to show the sequences of events following low or high blood pressure detected at the baroreceptors.arrow_forward
- If you have 6-MAM, acetylcodeine, and heroin in a GCMS column (silica capillary column), why is the elution order: acetylcodeine, then 6-MAM, then heroin (in order from fastest elution to slowest)?arrow_forwardFrom the experimental activity for PhysioEX Which of the following forms the (Y) axis of this graph Which of the following forms the (X) axis of this graph (A) Y - vessel length / X - flow rate (B) Y - flow rate / X - vessel length (C) Y - flow rate / X - peripheral resistance (D) Y - peripheral resistance / X - flow ratearrow_forwardMedical evidence shows that a small change in the radius of an artery can indicate a large change in blood flow. For example, if one artery has a radius only 5% larger than another, the blood flow rate is 1.22 times as large. Further information is given in the table below. Increase in radius Times greater bloodflow rate 5% 1.22 10% 1.46 15% 1.75 20% 2.07 (a) Use the average rate of change to estimate how many times greater the blood flow rate is in an artery that has a radius 8% larger than another. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)1.364 times greater(b) Explain why if the radius is increased by 8% and then we increase the radius of the new artery by 8% again, the total increase in the radius is 16.64%. x + 8% of xx + 8/100 X xx + 0.08x = 1.08x1.08x + 8% of (1.08x)1.08x + 8/100 X (1.08x)1.08x + 0.0864x = 0.1664x = 16.64% (c) Use parts (a) and (b) to answer the following question: How many times greater is the blood flow rate in an artery that is 16.64%…arrow_forward
- Amiodarone is prescribed in the treatment of several ventricular arrhythmias. The maximum intravenous dose is 1.2 g per day. What is the maximum volume of this medication that you can administer using a 150 mg/3 mL injectable solution?Indicate the quantity and unit of measure where specified.arrow_forwardA plastic bag contains physiological saline solution for infusion into the blood stream. If the pressure in your vein is 15 torr, what is the minimum height required for infusing the saline into the vein at a pressure of 20 torr above the pressure in the vein (assume rsal = 1 kg/L). Note: ignore the pressure drop in the %3D injection needle! O 55 cm O 48 cm O 23 cm O 66 cm O 74 cm O 35 cmarrow_forwardGive a detailed mechanism of action of a name drug or agonist that results in positive inotropic changes in the cardiac cell.arrow_forward
- A variety of ways to calculate heart rate from an ECG may be used. The quickest way to calculate heart rate on a rhythm strip is: Count the number of large squares between one R-R interval, and divide this number into 1500. Calculate the number of QRS complexes in 1 minute Count the number of R-R intervals in 6 seconds, and multiply by 10 Count the number of small squares between one R-R interval, and multiply this number by 300.arrow_forwardplease don't copy from any sourcearrow_forwardOne way of reducing risk of cardiovascular disease is to ensure you are getting lots of antioxidants in your diet. What antioxidants would you recommend and not recommend for someone at risk of cardiovascular disease that is also on medication that interferes with their blood’s clotting mechanism? Explain the reasons for your recommendations in one to two paragraphs. Also, list three medical conditions that can alter a person's vitamin requirements. Explain what vitamin/s would be affected and how they should alter their dietary from normal recommendations.arrow_forward
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