Concept explainers
To review:
From the given data, we are required to examine whether both the capsules Contracten X and GITS are able to reduce the workload of heart.
Introduction:
A person who is suffering from hypertension needs to take Nifedipine drug under a doctor’s provisions. The function of this drug lowers the blood pressure and relaxes the blood vessels, so that the blood can flow easily. This medication should be taken regularly for effective results. A person who is suffering from hypertension needs to exercise on regular basis to avoid blood clotting. The given chart illustrates the effects of capsules GITS and Contarcten X over systolic blood pressure with respect to time (hours).
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Chapter 44 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Nifedipine is an antihypertension medication that is also used to reduce the workload on the heart. The study below compares the effects of two different types of capsules used to administer the drug to patients (GITSred line, and Cotracten Xblue line). Each graph shows changes with time following initial administra- tion of the capsules. Figure A compares the levels of nifedipine in the blood with each capsule type. The ability of the different cap- sules to reduce workload on the heart by altering blood pressure or heart rate is shown in Figures B and C, respectively. Which type of capsule would you expect to have fewer side effects? Source: M. J. Brown and C. B. Toal. 2008. Formulation of long-acting nifedipine tablets influences the heart rate and sympathetic nervous system response in hypertensive patients. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 65:646652.arrow_forwardConsider each of the following endpoints and identify whether it is dichotomous (binary) or continuous: Group of answer choices Diastolic Blood Pressure 3 months after beginning medication A。Binary B。continuous Diagnosis: patient does/does not have cancer A。Binary B。continuous Patient achieves normal diastolic blood pressure within 30 days of starting a drug, or not A。Binary B。continuous FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second—the amount of air expelled from a patient against pressure within 1 second) A。Binary B。continuous Weight loss between baseline and 6 months A。Binary B。continuous Concentration of hemoglobin in a blood sample A。Binary B。continuous…arrow_forwardThe circulatory system is controlled in the Medulla oblongata through the accelerator and inhibitory centres. Draw a schematic diagram to show the sequences of events following low or high blood pressure detected at the baroreceptors.arrow_forward
- If you have 6-MAM, acetylcodeine, and heroin in a GCMS column (silica capillary column), why is the elution order: acetylcodeine, then 6-MAM, then heroin (in order from fastest elution to slowest)?arrow_forwardA Physician orders 40 mL of an IV solution containing ampicillin to run in 30 minutes with a microdrop infusion set. This is to be followed by 500 mL of NS to infuse at 50 drops per minute with an infusion set of 20 gtt/mL. What is the total infusion time for the two IV solutions?arrow_forwardFrom the experimental activity for PhysioEX Which of the following forms the (Y) axis of this graph Which of the following forms the (X) axis of this graph (A) Y - vessel length / X - flow rate (B) Y - flow rate / X - vessel length (C) Y - flow rate / X - peripheral resistance (D) Y - peripheral resistance / X - flow ratearrow_forward
- Medical evidence shows that a small change in the radius of an artery can indicate a large change in blood flow. For example, if one artery has a radius only 5% larger than another, the blood flow rate is 1.22 times as large. Further information is given in the table below. Increase in radius Times greater bloodflow rate 5% 1.22 10% 1.46 15% 1.75 20% 2.07 (a) Use the average rate of change to estimate how many times greater the blood flow rate is in an artery that has a radius 8% larger than another. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)1.364 times greater(b) Explain why if the radius is increased by 8% and then we increase the radius of the new artery by 8% again, the total increase in the radius is 16.64%. x + 8% of xx + 8/100 X xx + 0.08x = 1.08x1.08x + 8% of (1.08x)1.08x + 8/100 X (1.08x)1.08x + 0.0864x = 0.1664x = 16.64% (c) Use parts (a) and (b) to answer the following question: How many times greater is the blood flow rate in an artery that is 16.64%…arrow_forwardA plastic bag contains physiological saline solution for infusion into the blood stream. If the pressure in your vein is 15 torr, what is the minimum height required for infusing the saline into the vein at a pressure of 20 torr above the pressure in the vein (assume rsal = 1 kg/L). Note: ignore the pressure drop in the %3D injection needle! O 55 cm O 48 cm O 23 cm O 66 cm O 74 cm O 35 cmarrow_forwardThe goal of a certain heparin infusion protocol is to achieve an aPTT value between 50 sec and 70 sec. Your patient’s most recent aPTT value is 72.8 sec. With respect to the goal range for this therapy, which of the following statements is true? The aPTT value of 72.8 sec is too low; the blood is clotting too quickly. The aPTT value of 72.8 sec is too low; the blood is clotting too slowly. The aPTT value of 72.8 sec is too high; the blood is clotting too slowly. The aPTT value of 72.8 sec is too high; the blood is clotting too quickly.arrow_forward
- Calculate drug clearance in the figure below assuming that drug dose was 4000 mg: 1000 y 400e0916 100 10 05 (25 Time thours) Plasma concentr ation (me/L)arrow_forwardThe graph below depicts a patient’s pulse over the course of 8 hours.Identify the x-axis on the graph below by clicking on it.arrow_forwardYou have been ordered to give phenytoin (Dilantin) IV to your seizure patient. Your patient weighs 80 kg. The dose ordered is 15 mg/kg to be diluted in 250 mL bag of saline to be given at 25 mg/min. How long will the infusion take to complete?arrow_forward
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