Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 44, Problem 7TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The cardiac cycle consists of two phases that are the diastole phase and the systole phase. Contraction of heart takes place in response to the action potential that spreads to other cells causing a heartbeat. Mammals contain sinoatrial (SA) node and atrioventricular (AV) node that controls cardiac contractions.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Afterload is
Select one:
a. the amount cardiac output must increase during exercise.
b. the arterial pressure that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood.
c. the extent to which ventricular walls are stretched.
d. the name given to an increase in end-diastolic volume.
e. another name for venous return.
Which of the following is/are true concerning the opening and closing
of the cardiac valves?
A. valves operate according to the pressures on either side of the valve
B. valve operation is constantly being controlled by the medulla
oblongata
C. valve operation is determined directly by the cardiac action potential
(electrical currents control the opening and closing of the valves.)
D. valve operation is directly controlled by the papillary muscles
within the ventricular wall.
E. None of the above is correct.
Which cell types are associated with spontaneous action potential generation in the absence of an external stimulus from other tissues.
A.
Sino-Atrial node cells (SA node).
B.
Atrial cells
C.
Ventricular cells.
D.
Endothelial cells.
E.
A and D.
Chapter 44 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 44.1 - What are the three basic features of animal...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 44.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 44.1 - Prob. 4SBCh. 44.2 - Outline the life cycle of an erythrocyte.Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 44.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 44.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 44.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 44.3 - How do neurogenic and myogenic hearts differ?
Ch. 44.3 - Describe the electrical events that occur during...Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 44.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 44.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 44.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 44.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 44.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 44.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 44 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44 - A characteristic of blood circulation through or...Ch. 44 - The heartbeat includes: a. the systole when the...Ch. 44 - Keeping the mammalian cardiac cycle balanced...Ch. 44 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 44 - Characteristics of veins and venules are: a. thick...Ch. 44 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 44 - Nifedipine is an antihypertension medication that...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 44 - Nifedipine is an antihypertension medication that...
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- All of the following are correct about the isovolumetric contraction, except ____________. A. This phase of the cardiac cycle begins with the appearance of the QRS complex of the ECG, which represents atrial repolarization and ventricular depolarization B. It represents the time period between the closure of the AV valves and the opening of the aortic and pulmonic valves, ventricular pressure rises rapidly without a change in ventricular volume C. The rate of pressure increase in the ventricles is determined by the rate of contraction of the muscle fibers, which is determine by mechanisms governing excitation-contraction coupling D. Ventricular chamber geometry changes considerably as the heart becomes more spheroid in shape; circumference increases and atrial base-to-apex length increasesarrow_forwardA force that attracts fluid into the capillary from the tissue spaces is Select one: a. venous pressure. b. negative interstitial pressure. c. blood colloid osmotic pressure. d. blood pressure. e. active transport.arrow_forwardIt is generally accepted that a relatively low diastolic vascular pressure is more important than a relatively low systolic vascular pressure because: A. diastolic vascular pressure is the pressure that determines the length of diastole. B. diastolic vascular pressure directly determines stroke volume. C. diastolic vascular pressure ultimately determines and controls contractility. D. diastolic vascular pressure is a force the heart must compete with to open the aortic valve. E. None of the above is correct.arrow_forward
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- The carotid artery of an animal is partially constricted proximal to the carotid sinus during a study. Which of the following cardiovascular changes most likely occurs in response to the constriction? (My opinion is the question is referring to carotid clamping not carotid massage ( carotid massage is usually done on carotid sinus to rapidly lower heart rate)) A. Decreased heart rateB. Decreased systemic arterial pressure C. Decreased venous return to the startD. Increased number of impulses from the carotid sinus E. Increased total peripheral resistance.arrow_forwardA patient hospitalised with aortic stenosis has activity intolerance related to insufficient oxygen due to decreased cardiac output. An appropriate nursing intervention for this patient is to: Select one: a. Progressively increase activity to increase cardiac tolerance b. Maintain on bed rest to reduce tissue oxygen demands c. Monitor electrocardiography to assess cardiac output d. Use a Semi-Fowler position to decrease venous return and increase respiratory excursionarrow_forwardThe delivery of blood by the left ventricle into the sorta is intermittent, whereas blood flow in the peripheral circulation is usually continuous. Which of the following best explains this difference? A. Arteries contain more elastic tissue than veins . B Capillary walls contain little elastic or muscular tissue . C. Continuous flow is needed to meet metabolic requirements. D. Passive recoil of the arteries delivers blood to the periphery during diastole E . Rhythmic contractions of arterial smooth muscie increase the diastolic pressure to above zeroarrow_forward
- which of the following mechanisms contributes most to the deterioration of myocardial perfusion in patients with a progressively dilating left ventricle and a cycle of gradual decompensation. A. decreasing left ventricular radius B. decreasing peripheral vascular resistance C. decreasing vestibular pressure D. increasing left ventricular wall tension E. increasing left ventricular wall thicknessarrow_forwardAll the following statements regarding premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are true except: a. Occasional PVCs may occur in persons without heart disease b. Bursts of two or more PVCs in a row may progress rapidly to ventricular tachycardia €. APVC that falls on or near a T wave may cause ventricular fibrillation d. Frequent PVCs in a patient without heart disease require no treatmentarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true about the SA (sinoatrial) node? a. The action potential created by the pacemaker cells of the SA node directly stimulates the contractile cells of both the atria and ventricles. b. The rate of spontaneous depolarization of nodal cells is the fastest in the SA node. c. Pacemaker cells in the SA node form a pathway between the SA and AV nodes. d. The pacemaker cells, which establish the heart rate, are located only in the SA node.arrow_forward
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