The impact of carbon monoxide (CO), a component of cigarette smoke that binds irreversibly to the hemoglobin, on a smoker's health. Introduction: In the human circulatory system, erythrocytes are the oxygen (O 2 ) carriers of the blood. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body parts. Erythrocytes are the blood cells that are flattened, disc-like, and biconcave in shape, which provides flexibility to the cells: 8 µm (micrometers) in diameter and 2 µm thick. Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen and gives red color to the erythrocytes.

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 44, Problem 12TYK

Summary Introduction

To review:

The impact of carbon monoxide (CO), a component of cigarette smoke that binds irreversibly to the hemoglobin, on a smoker's health.

Introduction:

In the human circulatory system, erythrocytes are the oxygen (O₂) carriers of the blood. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body parts. Erythrocytes are the blood cells that are flattened, disc-like, and biconcave in shape, which provides flexibility to the cells: 8 µm (micrometers) in diameter and 2 µm thick. Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen and gives red color to the erythrocytes.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless gas that result from the burning of hydrocarbons, such as in a poorly functioning furnace or vehicle emissions. CO can bind with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin. Hemoglobin's affinity for CO is 200 times greater than its affinity for oxygen. The initial symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are flu-like, such as dizziness, headache and vomiting. However, when left unchecked, CO poisoning can result in unconsciousness, loss of blood flow to the vital organs and, eventually, death. (Source: Bleecker, M.L. (2015). Carbon Monoxide Intoxication. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Elsevier B.V.) 5. Name the gases normally carried by hemoglobin in the body. Using your knowledge of the circulatory and respiratory systems, provide a possible explanation for the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning.

In carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, CO binds to the heme of hemoglobin much tighter than oxygen (O2). What effect will this have on the ability of the tissues to get oxygen? Group of answer choices There will be no effect. CO will deliver oxygen to the tissues. Hemoglobin will bind more O2 and deliver more oxygen to the tissues. More hemoglobin will be produced to deliver oxygen to the tissues. Hemoglobin will bind less O2 and deliver less oxygen to the tissues.

Which of the following is TRUE of carbon monoxide poisoning? Group of answer choices choose one answer Carbon monoxide is toxic because it binds more readily to hemoglobin than oxygen, thereby decreasing the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. As the carbon dioxide content of blood increases, a phenomenon known as the Haldane effect converts the excess carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide until it reaches toxic levels. Carbon monoxide is toxic because it readily picks up oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, causing acidosis and eventual death. Carbon monoxide causes the carbamino effect where carbon dioxide is stripped of an oxygen, producing carbon monoxide.

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 44, Problem 12TYK

Summary Introduction

To review:

The impact of carbon monoxide (CO), a component of cigarette smoke that binds irreversibly to the hemoglobin, on a smoker's health.

Introduction:

In the human circulatory system, erythrocytes are the oxygen (O₂) carriers of the blood. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body parts. Erythrocytes are the blood cells that are flattened, disc-like, and biconcave in shape, which provides flexibility to the cells: 8 µm (micrometers) in diameter and 2 µm thick. Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen and gives red color to the erythrocytes.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 44, Problem 12TYK

Summary Introduction

To review:

The impact of carbon monoxide (CO), a component of cigarette smoke that binds irreversibly to the hemoglobin, on a smoker's health.

Introduction:

In the human circulatory system, erythrocytes are the oxygen (O₂) carriers of the blood. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body parts. Erythrocytes are the blood cells that are flattened, disc-like, and biconcave in shape, which provides flexibility to the cells: 8 µm (micrometers) in diameter and 2 µm thick. Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen and gives red color to the erythrocytes.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 44, Problem 12TYK

Summary Introduction