In which of the following schematic drawings of signaling pathways does the activation of the receptor lead to gene expression? Activating and inhibitory steps areindicated with (+) and (-), respectively.OAOBㅇㅂㅇㅂㅇㅁ (+) Gene ExpressionActivatedSignaling proteinsTranscriptionreceptoractivatorBlDGene ExpressionGene ExpressionㅁㅁㅇGene ExpressionGene Expression

In pathway A, the activation of the receptor leads to the activation of downstream signaling…

Answered: In which of the following schematic…

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1VCQ: Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is...

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During signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process (b) a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes (c) each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product (d) enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process (e) the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP
Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked receptor to initiate the itchiness and airway constriction associated with an allergic response. If a mutation in the associated G-protein’s alpha subunit prevented the hydrolysis of GTP how would the allergic response change? More severe allergic response compared to normal G-protein signaling. Less severe allergic response compared to normal G-protein signaling. No allergic response. No change compared to normal G-protein signaling.
What distinguishes a steroid receptor from a receptor tyrosine kinase receptor or a G-protein-coupled receptor?
Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about the desired cell response by inducing a change in the shape and function of particular designated intracellular proteins. (True or false?)
Figure 37.5 Heat shock proteins (HSP) are so named because they help refold misfolded proteins. In response to increased temperature (a “heat shock"), heat shock proteins are activated by release from the NR/HSP complex. At the same time, transcription of HSP genes is activated. Why do you think the cell responds to a heat shock by increasing the activity of proteins that help refold misfolded proteins?
Calcium ions (a) can act as second messengers (b) split calmodulin (c) are kept at higher concentration in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid (d) are produced in the ER by protein kinases and protein phosphatases (e) typically terminate signaling cascades
Discuss Concepts Describe the possible ways in which a G-proteincoupled receptor pathway could become defective and not trigger any cellular responses.
Trace the sequence of events in signal transduction for each of the following second messengers: cyclic AMP, inositol trisphosphate (IP3), diacylglycerol (DAG), and calcium ions.
A common membrane-bound intermediary between the receptor and the effector protein within the plasma membrane is the __________________.
A scientist notices that when she adds a small, water-soluble molecule to a dish of cells, the cells turn off transcription of a gene. She hypothesizes that the ligand she added binds to a(n)____receptor. Intracellular Hormone Enzyme-linked Gated ion channel-linked
Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than paracrine signals because.___ the ligands are transported through the bloodstream and travel greater distances the target and signaling cells are close together the ligands are degraded rapidly the ligands don't bind to carrier proteins during transport
In signal transduction, which of the following is not a target protein? a. proteins that regulate gene activity b. hormones that activate the receptor c. enzymes of pathways d. transport proteins e. enzymes of cell reactions

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