Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 9RQ
A scientist notices that when she adds a small, water-soluble molecule to a dish of cells, the cells turn off transcription of a gene. She hypothesizes that the ligand she added binds to a(n)____receptor.
- Intracellular
- Hormone
- Enzyme-linked
- Gated ion channel-linked
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 9 - Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.10 In certain cancers, the GTPase...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.17 Which of the following statements...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.18 What advantage might biofilm...Ch. 9 - What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface...Ch. 9 - The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland...Ch. 9 - Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions...Ch. 9 - Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that when she adds a small,...Ch. 9 - Where do DAG and IP3 originate? They are formed by...
Ch. 9 - What property enables the residues of the amino...Ch. 9 - Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked...Ch. 9 - A scientist observes a mutation in the...Ch. 9 - What is the function of a phosphatase? A...Ch. 9 - How does NF-kB induce gene expression? A small,...Ch. 9 - Apoptosis can occur in a cell when the cell is...Ch. 9 - What is the effect of an inhibitor binding an...Ch. 9 - How does PKC’s signaling role change in response...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails...Ch. 9 - Which type of molecule acts as a signaling...Ch. 9 - Quorum sensing is triggered to begin when...Ch. 9 - A doctor is researching new ways to treat biofilms...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between intracellular...Ch. 9 - How are the effects of paracrine signaling limited...Ch. 9 - What are the differences between internal...Ch. 9 - Cells grown in the laboratory are mixed with a dye...Ch. 9 - Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar by...Ch. 9 - The same second messengers are used in many...Ch. 9 - What would happen if the intracellular domain of a...Ch. 9 - If a cell developed a mutation in its MAP2K1 gene...Ch. 9 - What is a possible result of a mutation in a...Ch. 9 - How does the extracellular matrix control the...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line shows...Ch. 9 - What characteristics make yeasts a good model for...Ch. 9 - Why is signaling in multicellular organisms more...Ch. 9 - Pseudomonas infections are very common in hospital...
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- Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is permanently activated, resulting in unregulated cell division. Lapatinib, a drug used to treat breast cancer, inhibits HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation (the process by which the receptor adds phosphates onto itself), thus reducing tumor growth by 50 percent. Besides autophosphorylation, which of the following steps would be inhibited by Lapatinib? Signaling molecule binding, dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. Dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. The downstream cellular response. Phosphatase activity, dimerization, and the downsteam cellular response.arrow_forwardSteroid hormones ______. bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus trigger a signal transduction pathway when they bind to a receptor bind to mRNA in the cytoplasm to initiate transcription all of the abovearrow_forwardCell signaling involves only one molecule, the receptor. True Falsearrow_forward
- Histamine is a chemical substance released in inflammatory and allergic response. The histamine H1 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that activates phospholipase C in response to the binding of histamine. Arrange the data below showing the process of histamine signal transduction from the H1 receptor. Calcium ions flow through ligand-gated ion channel. Phosphorylation cascade leads to the activation of a cellular response. Calcioum ions activate a protein, leading to a cellular response. Enzyme cleaves PIP2, forming DAG and IP3. Calcium iom concentration increases in the cytosol. IP3 binds to a ligand-gated ion channel in thw ER membrane.arrow_forwardIntracellular signaling pathways provide multiple opportunities for the amplification of a response to an extracellular signal. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a True Falsearrow_forwardCompare and contrast signaling via G-protein coupled receptor, receptor tyrosine kinases, nuclear receptor. Please name at least one ligand/receptor for each pathway. Also describe the 'fast' and 'slow' responses mediated by ligand bindingarrow_forward
- G-protein coupled receptors have a GTP-binding domain. True Falsearrow_forwardWhich statement best describes the interaction that occurs as a result of the binding of a ligand to a ligand-gated ion channel receptor? A B с D ligand extracellular environment gate closed inactive ligand-gated ion channel receptor ions The process permanently opens or closes the ion channel. cytoplasm The process alters the membrane potential by changing the intracellular ionic concentration. The process causes G proteins to bind with GTP and become activated. The process removes three sodium ions from the cell and brings in two potassium ions.arrow_forwardName three features common to the activation of cytokine receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. Name one difference with respect to the enzyme activity of these receptors.arrow_forward
- urgntarrow_forwardG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are two basic receptor types by which cells transduce signals. Classify each statement as describing GPCRs, RTKs, both types of receptors, or neither. GPCRs structure contains seven transmembrane helices activate heterotrimeric G proteins directly transports some ligands through the membrane an example is the epinephrine receptor RTKs Both receptor activation causes phosphorylation of its cytosolic subunits phosphorylation of receptor can an example is the terminate signal or insulin receptor desensitize receptor autophosphorylation of receptor can initiate signal ligand binding induces conformational change in receptor Incorrect Answer Answer Bank Neitherarrow_forwardYou find a monster that produces a hormone that uses standard G-protein receptor pathways to prepare the creature for lunch. Outline two signaling pathways used by the hormone when binding to a receptor, and indicate how you might modify the monsters cells so it doesn’t eat you. (how would you block each of the pathways by blocking production of a component?).arrow_forward
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