Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 9, Problem 27CTQ
Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar by binding to its receptor, insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. How does insulin's behavior differ from steroid hormone signaling, and what can you infer about its structure?
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Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar by binding to its receptor, insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. How does insulin’s behavior differ from steroid hormone signaling, and what can you infer about its structure?
What is the difference between a G protein and a receptor tyrosine kinase? Give an example of a hormone that uses each.
One such laboratory study investigated the binding of a hormone to three different receptor proteins in the cell membrane. The data collected are shown in the table below
1) Provide a brief explanation as to why ligand binding toproteins must be a reversible process.
2) Calculate the dissociation constant (Kd) for the hormone binding to each of the three proteins.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 9 - Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.10 In certain cancers, the GTPase...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.17 Which of the following statements...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.18 What advantage might biofilm...Ch. 9 - What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface...Ch. 9 - The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland...Ch. 9 - Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions...Ch. 9 - Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that when she adds a small,...Ch. 9 - Where do DAG and IP3 originate? They are formed by...
Ch. 9 - What property enables the residues of the amino...Ch. 9 - Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked...Ch. 9 - A scientist observes a mutation in the...Ch. 9 - What is the function of a phosphatase? A...Ch. 9 - How does NF-kB induce gene expression? A small,...Ch. 9 - Apoptosis can occur in a cell when the cell is...Ch. 9 - What is the effect of an inhibitor binding an...Ch. 9 - How does PKC’s signaling role change in response...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails...Ch. 9 - Which type of molecule acts as a signaling...Ch. 9 - Quorum sensing is triggered to begin when...Ch. 9 - A doctor is researching new ways to treat biofilms...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between intracellular...Ch. 9 - How are the effects of paracrine signaling limited...Ch. 9 - What are the differences between internal...Ch. 9 - Cells grown in the laboratory are mixed with a dye...Ch. 9 - Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar by...Ch. 9 - The same second messengers are used in many...Ch. 9 - What would happen if the intracellular domain of a...Ch. 9 - If a cell developed a mutation in its MAP2K1 gene...Ch. 9 - What is a possible result of a mutation in a...Ch. 9 - How does the extracellular matrix control the...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line shows...Ch. 9 - What characteristics make yeasts a good model for...Ch. 9 - Why is signaling in multicellular organisms more...Ch. 9 - Pseudomonas infections are very common in hospital...
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- What is a second messenger in cell signaling, and what kinds of molecules can act as second messengers?arrow_forwardIn early studies of adrenergic signaling, it was thought that the epinephrine receptor and adenylate cyclase were one and the same protein. What kind of evidence would prove otherwise?arrow_forwardFRAP is a technique used to determine the mobility of a molecule in a membrane. Design a FRAP experiment to test the mobility of an insulin receptor. Would you expect the receptor to be more mobile before or after insulin binding?arrow_forward
- Identify which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.Diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3) are byproducts of enzymatic cleaving of PIP2 using phospholipase C while PIP2 formed via enzymatic activity of kinases. b.cAMP is an important second messenger because it serves to activate or inactivate proteins within the cells, especially those cells which their metabolic pathways are regulated by cAMP-dependent kinase (A-kinase). c.Second messengers are molecules that act alternative to signaling molecules to bind to the receptors by altering the structure of cellular proteins.arrow_forwardInsulin is a peptide (protein) hormone. As such, which of the following would be the most likely receptor for this signaling hormone? Select one: a. A transmembrane receptor in the cell membrane b. An intracellular receptorarrow_forwardThe hormone glucagon binding to its receptor induces a signaling cascade that ends with phosphorylation of the enzyme phosphofructokinase-2 by protein kinase A in the liver. Describe how binding of glucagon to its receptor likely leads to phosphorylation of phosphofructokinase-2.arrow_forward
- Overexpression of this receptor in the cells of the adrenal gland causes Cushing's syndrome, a disease caused by the overproduction of cortisol. One strategy that scientists have employed to treat this disease is the use of small molecules that bind to, but do not activate, MC2R. This type of molecule is generically referred to as an antagonist. How can an antagonist bind to the same receptor as ACTH but not activate it? O a. The antagonist can bind covalently while ACTH binds non-covalently O b. The antagonist is only partially complimentary to the binding pocket of MC2R O The antagonist binds to ACTH and blocks it from binding to the receptor properly O d. The antagonist is the exact same structure as ACTH but since it is synthetic it doesn't work One cause of Cushing's syndrome is the inappropriate production of GPCRS in the adrenal gland that are not normally present in those cells. When these receptors are activated they result in the production of cortisol. Which statement about…arrow_forwardUse the image above to explain how a muscle cell knows when to increases its glucose levels for cell respiration to be ready to fight or flight. (In short form)arrow_forwardHuman growth hormone binds to a cell-surface membrane protein that is not a receptor tyrosine kinase. The intracellular domain of the receptor can bind other proteins inside the cell. Furthermore, studies indicate that the receptor is monomeric in the absence of hormone but dimerizes on hormone binding. Propose a possible mechanism for growth-hormone signaling.arrow_forward
- What are conformational changes and why are they important ? Then describe two examples of conformational changes and their impacts during cellular signaling.arrow_forwardHow can you tell epinephrine is a peptide hormone and not a steroid one by looking at the picture?arrow_forwardI don't understand, can I get help? I have attached a picture of everything that will be needed to be annotated. Numerous signaling molecules work together in order for glucagon to induce the regulated release of glucose into the bloodstream. Construct an annotated list of each of these signaling molecules (as learned in the lecture video). For your annotated list, please use the format below. You will need to use this format for each molecule in the pathway that we learned. Name of Molecule:Type of Molecule:Is activated (or inhibited) by:Activates (or inhibits):arrow_forward
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