Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 7RQ
Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions into or out of a cell?
- Ions are too large to diffuse through the membrane.
- Ions are charged particles and cannot diffuse through the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.
- Ions do not need ion channels to move through the membrane.
- Ions bind to carrier proteins in the bloodstream, which must be removed before transport into the cell.
Expert Solution & Answer
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Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about membrane transport?
to facilitate movement of ions and molecules across membranes.
to move food, water, and wastes around, into, and out of a cell.
to get rid of duplicated organelles in a cell.
to transport proteins, lipids, and other molecules synthesized by the cell.
Which of the following regarding the sodium potassium pump is FALSE?
It tends to be found on the apical plasma membrane of polarized cells
It transports three sodium ions to the outside of the cell
It transports two potassium ions to the inside of the cell.
It helps to maintain unequal distribution of ions across the plasma membrane
SNAT2 (a membrane protein) determines the cell’s content of most amino acids. It acts as a symport (or co-transporter) of Na+ and amino acids. On the outside of the cell, the Na+ concentration is higher than the inside. The amino acid concentration on the inside of the cell is higher than the outside. When both Na+ and an amino acid bind to the SNAT2 membrane channel on the outside of the cell, there is a conformational change allowing the energy from electrochemical gradient of Na+ for the transport of the amino acid into the cell.
a. Draw this scenario and label your representations of Na+, amino acids, SNAT2, and the membrane.
b. What kind of transport is this, simple diffusion, facilitated, diffusion, active transport, 1o active transport, or 2o active transport? Explain your choice. Thanks
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 9 - Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.10 In certain cancers, the GTPase...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.17 Which of the following statements...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.18 What advantage might biofilm...Ch. 9 - What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface...Ch. 9 - The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland...Ch. 9 - Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions...Ch. 9 - Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that when she adds a small,...Ch. 9 - Where do DAG and IP3 originate? They are formed by...
Ch. 9 - What property enables the residues of the amino...Ch. 9 - Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked...Ch. 9 - A scientist observes a mutation in the...Ch. 9 - What is the function of a phosphatase? A...Ch. 9 - How does NF-kB induce gene expression? A small,...Ch. 9 - Apoptosis can occur in a cell when the cell is...Ch. 9 - What is the effect of an inhibitor binding an...Ch. 9 - How does PKC’s signaling role change in response...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails...Ch. 9 - Which type of molecule acts as a signaling...Ch. 9 - Quorum sensing is triggered to begin when...Ch. 9 - A doctor is researching new ways to treat biofilms...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between intracellular...Ch. 9 - How are the effects of paracrine signaling limited...Ch. 9 - What are the differences between internal...Ch. 9 - Cells grown in the laboratory are mixed with a dye...Ch. 9 - Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar by...Ch. 9 - The same second messengers are used in many...Ch. 9 - What would happen if the intracellular domain of a...Ch. 9 - If a cell developed a mutation in its MAP2K1 gene...Ch. 9 - What is a possible result of a mutation in a...Ch. 9 - How does the extracellular matrix control the...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line shows...Ch. 9 - What characteristics make yeasts a good model for...Ch. 9 - Why is signaling in multicellular organisms more...Ch. 9 - Pseudomonas infections are very common in hospital...
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- The reason ions such as Na+, K+, and Ca2+ diffuse across plasma membranes more rapidly than would be expected across a lipid membrane is that their negative charge causes them to dissolve in the polar lipids in the membrane ions diffuse through polar lipids more readily than non-charged particles do their positive charge causes them to dissolve in the polar lipids in the membrane there are proteins that form channels through which these ions can more readily passarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about ion channels are true? all ion channels are selective for only one species of ion The only way ions can cross the membrane is through the actions of a transporter. ions can flow though the pores of ion channels faster than they can diffuse freely in solution the movement of ions through the pore of an ion channel does not require energyarrow_forwardPassive transport across the membrane mediated by a carrier— would not be saturated by increasing amount of substance to be transported. does not require energy (ATP). can be driven in reverse. moves the solute through the membrane in the “uphill” direction of their concentration gradient. is faster than transport mediated by channel proteins.arrow_forward
- Which of the following would be most likely to move across the membrane without a transport protein? Water, because it is small and polar O2 (molecular oxygen), because it is small and nonpolar A cation, because it is small and positively charged An anion because it is small and negatively chargedarrow_forwardCrossing a cell membrane by simple diffusion can be distinguished from facilitated diffusion by which of the following: Select all that apply. Simple diffusion moves molecules down a concentration gradient while facilitated diffusion moves molecules up a concentration gradient Simple diffusion does not require membrane proteins; facilitated diffusion requires specific membrane proteins Simple diffusion does not require energy; facilitated diffusion requires energy Simple diffusion is not saturable; facilitated diffusion rates are limited by the number of functional membrane proteins and can be saturatedarrow_forwardA transmembrane protein has the following properties: it has two binding sites, one for solute A and one for solute b. The protein can undergo a conformational change to switch between two states: either both binding sites are exposed exclusively on one side of the membrane or both binding sites are exposed exclusively on the other side of the membrane. The protein can switch between the two conformational states only if both binding sites are occupied or if both binding sites are empty, but cannot switch if only one binding site is occupied. What kind of protein do these properties define?arrow_forward
- A transmembrane protein has the following properties: it has two binding sites, one for solute A and one for solute b. The protein can undergo a conformational change to switch between two states: either both binding sites are exposed exclusively on one side of the membrane or both binding sites are exposed exclusively on the other side of the membrane. The protein can switch between the two conformational states only if both binding sites are occupied or if both binding sites are empty, but cannot switch if only one binding site is occupied. Do you need to specify any additional properties to turn this protein into a symport that couples the movement of solute A up its concentration gradient to the movement of solute b down its electrochemical gradient?arrow_forwardTwo aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semi permeable membrane. Osmosis is allowed to take place. The water will: move towards the side with higher solute concentration move towards the side with higher water concentration move equally in both directions not cross the membranearrow_forwardWhen the protein integrin (a transmembrane protein in human fibroblasts) is held in place, by covalent bonds to fibronectin and collagen proteins in the interstitial spaces, integrin is exhibiting: restricted movement in the membrane, based on confinement by diffusion barriers restricted movement in the membrane, based on tethering to extracellular molecules restricted movement in the membrane, based on attachment to other cells restricted movement in the membrane, based on anchoring to intracellular proteins unrestricted movement in the membrane, similar to membrane lipidsarrow_forward
- Some antibiotics act as carriers that bind an ion on one side of a membrane, diffuse through the membrane, and release the ion on the other side. The graph shows the conductance of a lipid-bilayer membrane with a carrier antibiotic as a function of temperature. Conductance 40 39 38 Temperature (°C) 37 36 What can you conclude about the effect of a carrier antibiotic on the conductance of the lipid-bilayer membrane? A carrier antibiotic decreases the conductance of a lipid bilayer, regardless of temperature. A carrier antibiotic can shuttle ions across a membrane only when the lipid bilayer is quite rigid. A carrier antibiotic increases the conductance of a lipid bilayer, regardless of temperature. O A carrier antibiotic can shuttle ions across a membrane only when the lipid bilayer is highly fluid.arrow_forwardWhich of the following molecules can freely diffuse across the membrane? Glucose None of these Water K+ ionsarrow_forwardEthanol, the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages, is a small, polar, charged molecule. How does this substance enter the cell? Select the best answer Question options: Ethanol is soluble in the membrane, so it can diffuse into the cell. Ethanol is soluble in the membrane, so it moves through a channel protein. Ethanol is insoluble in the membrane, so it is brought in by endocytosis. Ethanol is insoluble in the membrane, so it is actively pumped into the cell. Ethanol is insoluble in the membrane, so it moves through a channel protein.arrow_forward
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