Chapter 4, Problem 4.124QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The wavelength required for electron affinity of chlorine and the region where the wavelength fall in the spectrum should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

• Atomic Number:

• Atomic number of the element is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the element which is denoted by symbol Z. The superscript presents on the left side of the symbol of the element.

• First ionization energy:

The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

${\text{atom}}_{\left(\text{g}\right)}\to {\text{ion with positive charge}}_{\left(\text{g}\right)}\text{ + electron}$

• Cation: Removal of electron from the atom results to form positively charged ion called cation.
• The net charge present in the element denotes the presence or absence of electrons in the element.
• In periodic table the horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical column are called group.
• Plank-Einstein Equation: The energy is conversed property since it can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transformed. The energy of the photon is obtained by using the following relation

$\begin{array}{l}\text{E}\text{=}\text{hν}\\ \text{h}\to \text{Planck's constant = 6}\text{.63}\times {\text{10}}^{\text{-34}}\text{J}\text{.s}\\ \text{ν}\to \text{frequency}\text{of}\text{the}\text{photon}\end{array}$

• Wavelength: The distance between the two continuous maximum displacements present in wave or the two continuous minimum displacements present in a wave exhibited by the photons is called wavelength. The wavelength of the photon is inversely proportional to its frequency. The relationship between them is given by the following formula,

$\text{(wavelength)λ}\text{=}\frac{\text{(velocity of light)c}}{\text{(frequency)ν}}$

• Frequency: It denotes the number of waves passes in given amount of time.
• Visible Range: The electromagnetic radiation which range is about 390 nm to 700 nm is considered as visible since the human eye can able to detect this range.
• UV Range: The electromagnetic radiation which range is about 100 nm to 400nm is regarded as ultraviolet region and they are shorter than the visible region.

To determine: The wavelength in $\text{nm}$ for electron affinity of lithium atom.