![Chemistry: Atoms First V1](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259383120/9781259383120_smallCoverImage.jpg)
(a)
Interpretation: Valence electrons has to be defined and the electronic configuration for the given elements has to written to prove the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number
Concept Introduction: In the periodic table the elements are grouped based on their valence electrons. Valence electrons or outer shell electron of an atom is the total number of electrons that is present in the outer most shell of the orbital.
Electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of atoms or molecule in the orbital. Pauli Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule and Aufbau’s principle has to be followed to write the electronic configuration of an atom.
Pauli Exclusion Principle:
No two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital. To occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have opposite spins.
Hund’s rule:
When electrons occupy orbital, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron. When the orbitals are singly filled, all the electrons have same spin where as in the doubly filled orbitals, electrons have opposite spin.
Aufbau’s Principle:
Lowest energy level orbitals are filled first before occupying the higher energy level
The order in which the electrons should be filled is
1s,2s,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d….
Electronic configuration of Si can be represented as [Ar]
Hence the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number.
To define valence electrons
(a)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
(b)
Interpretation: Valence electrons has to be defined and the electronic configuration for the given elements has to written to prove the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number
Concept Introduction: In the periodic table the elements are grouped based on their valence electrons. Valence electrons or outer shell electron of an atom is the total number of electrons that is present in the outer most shell of the orbital.
Electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of atoms or molecule in the orbital. Pauli Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule and Aufbau’s principle has to be followed to write the electronic configuration of an atom.
Pauli Exclusion Principle:
No two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital. To occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have opposite spins.
Hund’s rule:
When electrons occupy orbital, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron. When the orbitals are singly filled, all the electrons have same spin where as in the doubly filled orbitals, electrons have opposite spin.
Aufbau’s Principle:
Lowest energy level orbitals are filled first before occupying the higher energy level
The order in which the electrons should be filled is
1s,2s,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d….
Electronic configuration of Si can be represented as [Ar]
Hence the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number.
To write electronic configuration and find the group of Na
(b)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
Na has one valence electron and it belongs to group 1A
Hence the number of valence electron is equal to the group number is proved.
(c)
Interpretation: Valence electrons has to be defined and the electronic configuration for the given elements has to written to prove the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number
Concept Introduction: In the periodic table the elements are grouped based on their valence electrons. Valence electrons or outer shell electron of an atom is the total number of electrons that is present in the outer most shell of the orbital.
Electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of atoms or molecule in the orbital. Pauli Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule and Aufbau’s principle has to be followed to write the electronic configuration of an atom.
Pauli Exclusion Principle:
No two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital. To occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have opposite spins.
Hund’s rule:
When electrons occupy orbital, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron. When the orbitals are singly filled, all the electrons have same spin where as in the doubly filled orbitals, electrons have opposite spin.
Aufbau’s Principle:
Lowest energy level orbitals are filled first before occupying the higher energy level
The order in which the electrons should be filled is
1s,2s,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d….
Electronic configuration of Si can be represented as [Ar]
Hence the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number.
To write electronic configuration and find the group of Ca
(c)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
Na has 2 valence electrons and it belongs to group 2A
Hence the number of valence electron is equal to the group number is proved.
(d)
Interpretation: Valence electrons has to be defined and the electronic configuration for the given elements has to written to prove the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number
Concept Introduction: In the periodic table the elements are grouped based on their valence electrons. Valence electrons or outer shell electron of an atom is the total number of electrons that is present in the outer most shell of the orbital.
Electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of atoms or molecule in the orbital. Pauli Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule and Aufbau’s principle has to be followed to write the electronic configuration of an atom.
Pauli Exclusion Principle:
No two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital. To occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have opposite spins.
Hund’s rule:
When electrons occupy orbital, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron. When the orbitals are singly filled, all the electrons have same spin where as in the doubly filled orbitals, electrons have opposite spin.
Aufbau’s Principle:
Lowest energy level orbitals are filled first before occupying the higher energy level
The order in which the electrons should be filled is
1s,2s,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d….
Electronic configuration of Si can be represented as [Ar]
Hence the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number.
To write electronic configuration and find the group of lithium
(d)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
Na has 1 valence electrons and it belongs to group 1A
Hence the number of valence electron is equal to the group number is proved.
(e)
Interpretation: Valence electrons has to be defined and the electronic configuration for the given elements has to written to prove the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number
Concept Introduction: In the periodic table the elements are grouped based on their valence electrons. Valence electrons or outer shell electron of an atom is the total number of electrons that is present in the outer most shell of the orbital.
Electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of atoms or molecule in the orbital. Pauli Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule and Aufbau’s principle has to be followed to write the electronic configuration of an atom.
Pauli Exclusion Principle:
No two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital. To occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have opposite spins.
Hund’s rule:
When electrons occupy orbital, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron. When the orbitals are singly filled, all the electrons have same spin where as in the doubly filled orbitals, electrons have opposite spin.
Aufbau’s Principle:
Lowest energy level orbitals are filled first before occupying the higher energy level
The order in which the electrons should be filled is
1s,2s,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d….
Electronic configuration of Si can be represented as [Ar]
Hence the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number.
To write electronic configuration and find the group of iodine
(e)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
Iodine has 7 valence electrons and it belongs to group 7A
Hence the number of valence electron is equal to the group number is proved.
(f)
Interpretation: Valence electrons has to be defined and the electronic configuration for the given elements has to written to prove the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number
Concept Introduction: In the periodic table the elements are grouped based on their valence electrons. Valence electrons or outer shell electron of an atom is the total number of electrons that is present in the outer most shell of the orbital.
Electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of atoms or molecule in the orbital. Pauli Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule and Aufbau’s principle has to be followed to write the electronic configuration of an atom.
Pauli Exclusion Principle:
No two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital. To occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have opposite spins.
Hund’s rule:
When electrons occupy orbital, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron. When the orbitals are singly filled, all the electrons have same spin where as in the doubly filled orbitals, electrons have opposite spin.
Aufbau’s Principle:
Lowest energy level orbitals are filled first before occupying the higher energy level
The order in which the electrons should be filled is
1s,2s,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d….
Electronic configuration of Si can be represented as [Ar]
Hence the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number.
To write electronic configuration and find the group of nitrogen
(f)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons and it belongs to group 5A
Hence the number of valence electron is equal to the group number is proved.
(g)
Interpretation: Valence electrons has to be defined and the electronic configuration for the given elements has to written to prove the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number
Concept Introduction: In the periodic table the elements are grouped based on their valence electrons. Valence electrons or outer shell electron of an atom is the total number of electrons that is present in the outer most shell of the orbital.
Electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of atoms or molecule in the orbital. Pauli Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule and Aufbau’s principle has to be followed to write the electronic configuration of an atom.
Pauli Exclusion Principle:
No two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital. To occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have opposite spins.
Hund’s rule:
When electrons occupy orbital, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron. When the orbitals are singly filled, all the electrons have same spin where as in the doubly filled orbitals, electrons have opposite spin.
Aufbau’s Principle:
Lowest energy level orbitals are filled first before occupying the higher energy level
The order in which the electrons should be filled is
1s,2s,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d….
Electronic configuration of Si can be represented as [Ar]
Hence the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number.
To write electronic configuration and find the group of selenium
(g)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
Se has 6 valence electrons and it belongs to group 6A
Hence the number of valence electron is equal to the group number is proved.
(h)
Interpretation: Valence electrons has to be defined and the electronic configuration for the given elements has to written to prove the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number
Concept Introduction: In the periodic table the elements are grouped based on their valence electrons. Valence electrons or outer shell electron of an atom is the total number of electrons that is present in the outer most shell of the orbital.
Electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of atoms or molecule in the orbital. Pauli Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule and Aufbau’s principle has to be followed to write the electronic configuration of an atom.
Pauli Exclusion Principle:
No two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital. To occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have opposite spins.
Hund’s rule:
When electrons occupy orbital, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron. When the orbitals are singly filled, all the electrons have same spin where as in the doubly filled orbitals, electrons have opposite spin.
Aufbau’s Principle:
Lowest energy level orbitals are filled first before occupying the higher energy level
The order in which the electrons should be filled is
1s,2s,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d….
Electronic configuration of Si can be represented as [Ar]
Hence the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number.
To write electronic configuration and find the group of Si
(h)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
Hence the number of valence electron is equal to the group number is proved.
Valence electrons have defined, electronic configuration of the given elements has been written and the number of valence electron is equal to the group number has been proved.
Pair 1: (a)
Pair 2: (b)
Pair 3: (c)
(a)
To Know the reactivity of an element (a) with ‘
(a)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
(b)
To Know the reactivity of an element (b) with ‘
(b)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
(c)
To Know the reactivity of an element (c) with ‘
(c)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
(d)
To Know the reactivity of an element (d) with ‘
(d)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
(e)
To Know the reactivity of an element (e) with ‘
(e)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
(f)
To Know the reactivity of an element (f) with ‘
(f)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
(g)
To group the properties of the elements with given electron configuration
(g)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
Pair 1: (a)
Pair 2: (b)
Pair 3: (c)
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First V1
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- Part I. a) Elucidate the structure of compound A using the following information. • mass spectrum: m+ = 102, m/2=57 312=29 • IR spectrum: 1002.5 % TRANSMITTANCE Ngg 50 40 30 20 90 80 70 60 MICRONS 5 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 19 1740 cm M 10 0 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 13 • CNMR 'H -NMR Peak 8 ppm (H) Integration multiplicity a 1.5 (3H) triplet b 1.3 1.5 (3H) triplet C 2.3 1 (2H) quartet d 4.1 1 (2H) quartet & ppm (c) 10 15 28 60 177 (C=0) b) Elucidate the structure of compound B using the following information 13C/DEPT NMR 150.9 MHz IIL 1400 WAVENUMBERS (CM-1) DEPT-90 DEPT-135 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 ppm 1200 1000 800 600 400arrow_forward• Part II. a) Elucidate The structure of compound c w/ molecular formula C10 11202 and the following data below: • IR spectra % TRANSMITTANCE 1002.5 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 • Information from 'HAMR MICRONS 8 9 10 11 14 15 16 19 25 1400 WAVENUMBERS (CM-1) 1200 1000 800 600 400 peak 8 ppm Integration multiplicity a 2.1 1.5 (3H) Singlet b 3.6 1 (2H) singlet с 3.8 1.5 (3H) Singlet d 6.8 1(2H) doublet 7.1 1(2H) doublet Information from 13C-nmR Normal carbon 29ppm Dept 135 Dept -90 + NO peak NO peak 50 ppm 55 ppm + NO peak 114 ppm t 126 ppm No peak NO peak 130 ppm t + 159 ppm No peak NO peak 207 ppm по реак NO peakarrow_forwardCould you redraw these and also explain how to solve them for me pleasarrow_forward
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