Chapter 22, Problem 71A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The primary carbon needs to be identified.

Concept Concept Introduction-

Carbon atoms can be classified on the basis of carbon attached to them as:

1. Primary carbon: When only one carbon atom attached to it. Remaining all the bonds attached to hydrogen
2. Secondary carbon: When a carbon atom is attached to two carbon atoms and remaining two are hydrogen atoms.
3. Tertiary carbon: When carbon is attached to 3 carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom.
4. Quaternary carbon: When carbon atom is attached to four carbon atoms and no hydrogen atom.

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule,

  

Carbon atom labelled as $4$ is attached to one carbon and three hydrogen atoms. Hence it is a primary carbon.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation- To identify the secondary carbon.

Concept Introduction-

Carbon atoms can be classified on the basis of carbon attached to them as:

1. Primary carbon: When only one carbon atom attached to it. Remaining all the bonds attached to hydrogen.
2. Secondary carbon: When carbon atoms is attached to carbon two carbon and remaining two are hydrogen atoms.
3. Tertiary carbon: When carbon is attached to 3 carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom.
4. Quaternary carbon: When carbon atom is attached to four carbon atoms and no hydrogen atom.

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule,

  

Carbon atom labelled as $2$ is attached to two carbon and two hydrogen atoms. Hence it is a secondary carbon.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation- To identify the tertiary carbon.

Concept Introduction-

Carbon atoms can be classified on the basis of carbon attached to them as:

1. Primary carbon: When only one carbon atom attached to it. Remaining all the bonds attached to hydrogen.
2. Secondary carbon: When carbon atoms is attached to carbon two carbon and remaining two are hydrogen atoms.
3. Tertiary carbon: When carbon is attached to 3 carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom.
4. Quaternary carbon: When carbon atom is attached to four carbon atoms and no hydrogen atom.

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule,

  

Carbon atom labelled as $3$ is attached to three carbon and one hydrogen atoms. Hence it is a tertiary carbon.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation- To identify the quaternary carbon.

Concept Introduction-

Carbon atoms can be classified on the basis of carbon attached to them as:

1. Primary carbon: When only one carbon atom attached to it. Remaining all the bonds attached to hydrogen.
2. Secondary carbon: When carbon atoms is attached to carbon two carbon and remaining two are hydrogen atoms.
3. Tertiary carbon: When carbon is attached to 3 carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom.
4. Quaternary carbon: When carbon atom is attached to four carbon atoms and no hydrogen atom.

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule,

  

Carbon atom labelled as $1$ is attached to four carbon and no hydrogen atoms. Hence it is a quaternary carbon.