Chapter 21, Problem 21.5P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron withdrawing group like ${\text{CF}}_3$ results in the increasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is higher.

If the carbonyl group is attached to the electron donating group like ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ results in the decreasing concentration of positive charge on carbonyl carbon. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is lower.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

From the given acid derivative pair which compound undergoes hydrolysis faster is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

As the number of $\text{RO-}$ group increases stability of carbonyl carbon increases and reactivity of carbonyl group towards hydrolysis decreases.

If the carbonyl group is stabilized by the resonance then it is less reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is slower.

If the carbonyl group is less stabilized by the resonance then it is more reactive. So in this case rate of hydrolysis of acid derivative is faster.