A synthesis that will carry out the transformation in Solved Problem 21.8 but does not involve benzoyl chloride an an intermediate is to be proposed. Concept introduction: Carboxylic acid derivatives can be relatively easily interconverted provided the product is more stable (lower in the stability ladder) than the susbtrate. Conversion of a substrate lower on the stability ladder (more stable) to one higher on the ladder (less stable) is usually not feasible. Such syntheses must be carried out in a number of reaction steps, generally involving inorganic reagents. The least stable acid derivative is acid chloride, so the first step would be conversion of the stable substrate to acid chloride using an inorganic reagent like SOCl 2 . The acid chloride can then be relatively esily converted to any derivative, even one less stable than the starting compound.

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.9P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A synthesis that will carry out the transformation in Solved Problem 21.8 but does not involve benzoyl chloride an an intermediate is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid derivatives can be relatively easily interconverted provided the product is more stable (lower in the stability ladder) than the susbtrate. Conversion of a substrate lower on the stability ladder (more stable) to one higher on the ladder (less stable) is usually not feasible. Such syntheses must be carried out in a number of reaction steps, generally involving inorganic reagents. The least stable acid derivative is acid chloride, so the first step would be conversion of the stable substrate to acid chloride using an inorganic reagent like SOCl2. The acid chloride can then be relatively esily converted to any derivative, even one less stable than the starting compound.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.9P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A synthesis that will carry out the transformation in Solved Problem 21.8 but does not involve benzoyl chloride an an intermediate is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid derivatives can be relatively easily interconverted provided the product is more stable (lower in the stability ladder) than the susbtrate. Conversion of a substrate lower on the stability ladder (more stable) to one higher on the ladder (less stable) is usually not feasible. Such syntheses must be carried out in a number of reaction steps, generally involving inorganic reagents. The least stable acid derivative is acid chloride, so the first step would be conversion of the stable substrate to acid chloride using an inorganic reagent like SOCl2. The acid chloride can then be relatively esily converted to any derivative, even one less stable than the starting compound.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.9P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A synthesis that will carry out the transformation in Solved Problem 21.8 but does not involve benzoyl chloride an an intermediate is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid derivatives can be relatively easily interconverted provided the product is more stable (lower in the stability ladder) than the susbtrate. Conversion of a substrate lower on the stability ladder (more stable) to one higher on the ladder (less stable) is usually not feasible. Such syntheses must be carried out in a number of reaction steps, generally involving inorganic reagents. The least stable acid derivative is acid chloride, so the first step would be conversion of the stable substrate to acid chloride using an inorganic reagent like SOCl2. The acid chloride can then be relatively esily converted to any derivative, even one less stable than the starting compound.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.9P

Interpretation Introduction