Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 2, Problem 30QLP
Explain why materials with high m values, such as hot glass and Silly Putty®, when stretched slowly, undergo large elongations before failure. Consider events taking place in the necked region of the specimen.
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Students have asked these similar questions
The data below are for a thin steel wire suitable for use as a guitar string.
Ultimate tensile stress: 1.8 x 109 Pa
Young Modulus: 2.2 x 1011 Pa
Cross-sectional area: 2.0 x 10-7 m2
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The data shown in the table below were obtained from a tensile test of high-strength steel. The test specimen had a diameter of 13mm and a gage length of 50mm. At fracture, the elongation between the gage marks was 3.0mm and the minimum diameter was 10.7mm.
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TENSILE-TEST DATA
Load(kN)
Elongation(mm)
5
0.005
10
0.015
30
0.048
50
0.084
60
0.099
64.5
0.109
67.0
0.119
68.0
0.137
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0.160
70.0
0.229
72.0
0.259
76.0
0.330
84.0
0.584
92.0
0.853
100.0
1.288
112.0
2.814
113.0
Fracture
Chapter 2 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 2 - Distinguish between engineering stress and true...Ch. 2 - In a stress-strain curve, what is the proportional...Ch. 2 - Describe the events that take place when a...Ch. 2 - What is ductility, and how is it measured?Ch. 2 - In the equation =Kn, which represents the true...Ch. 2 - What is strain-rate sensitivity, and how is it...Ch. 2 - What test can measure the properties of a material...Ch. 2 - What testing procedures can be used to measure the...Ch. 2 - Describe the differences between brittle and...Ch. 2 - What is hardness? Explain.
Ch. 2 - Describe the features of a Rockwell hardness test.Ch. 2 - What is a Leeb test? How is it different from a...Ch. 2 - Differentiate between stress relaxation and creep.Ch. 2 - Describe the difference between elastic and...Ch. 2 - Explain what uniform elongation means in tension...Ch. 2 - Describe the difference between deformation rate...Ch. 2 - Describe the difficulties involved in conducting a...Ch. 2 - What is Hookes law? Youngs modulus? Poissons...Ch. 2 - Describe the difference between transgranular and...Ch. 2 - What is the reason that yield strength is...Ch. 2 - Why does the fatigue strength of a specimen or...Ch. 2 - If striations are observed under microscopic...Ch. 2 - What is an Izod test? Why are Izod tests useful?Ch. 2 - Why does temperature increase during plastic...Ch. 2 - What is residual stress? How can residual stresses...Ch. 2 - On the same scale for stress, the tensile true...Ch. 2 - What are the similarities and differences between...Ch. 2 - Can a material have a negative Poissons ratio?...Ch. 2 - It has been stated that the higher the value of m,...Ch. 2 - Explain why materials with high m values, such as...Ch. 2 - With a simple sketch, explain whether it is...Ch. 2 - Explain why the difference between engineering...Ch. 2 - Consider an elastomer, such as a rubber band. This...Ch. 2 - If a material (such as aluminum) does not have an...Ch. 2 - What role, if any, does friction play in a...Ch. 2 - Which hardness tests and scales would you use for...Ch. 2 - Consider the circumstance where a Vickers hardness...Ch. 2 - Which of the two tests, tension or compression,...Ch. 2 - List and explain briefly the conditions that...Ch. 2 - List the factors that you would consider in...Ch. 2 - On the basis of Fig. 2.5, can you calculate the...Ch. 2 - If a metal tension-test specimen is rapidly pulled...Ch. 2 - Comment on your observations regarding the...Ch. 2 - Will the disk test be applicable to a ductile...Ch. 2 - What hardness test is suitable for determining the...Ch. 2 - Wire rope consists of many wires that bend and...Ch. 2 - A statistical sampling of Rockwell C hardness...Ch. 2 - In a Brinell hardness test, the resulting...Ch. 2 - Some coatings are extremely thinsome as thin as a...Ch. 2 - Select an appropriate hardness test for each of...Ch. 2 - A paper clip is made of wire 0.5 mm in diameter....Ch. 2 - A 250-mm-long strip of metal is stretched in two...Ch. 2 - Identify the two materials in Fig. 2.5 that have...Ch. 2 - Plot the ultimate strength vs. stiffness for the...Ch. 2 - If you remove the layer of material ad from the...Ch. 2 - Prove that the true strain at necking equals the...Ch. 2 - Percent elongation is always defined in terms of...Ch. 2 - You are given the K and n values of two different...Ch. 2 - A cable is made of two strands of different...Ch. 2 - On the basis of the information given in Fig. 2.5,...Ch. 2 - In a disk test performed on a specimen 1.00 in. in...Ch. 2 - A piece of steel has a hardness of 300 HB....Ch. 2 - A metal has the following properties: UTS = 70,000...Ch. 2 - Using only Fig. 2.5, calculate the maximum load in...Ch. 2 - Estimate the modulus of resilience for a highly...Ch. 2 - A metal has a strength coefficient K = 100,000 psi...Ch. 2 - Plot the true stresstrue strain curves for the...Ch. 2 - The design specification for a metal requires a...Ch. 2 - Calculate the major and minor pyramid angles for a...Ch. 2 - If a material has a target hardness of 300 HB,...Ch. 2 - A Rockwell A test was conducted on a material and...Ch. 2 - For a cold-drawn 0.5% carbon steel, will a...Ch. 2 - A material is tested in tension. Over a 1-in. gage...Ch. 2 - A horizontal rigid bar cc is subjecting specimen a...Ch. 2 - List and explain the desirable mechanical...Ch. 2 - When making a hamburger, you may have observed the...Ch. 2 - An inexpensive claylike material called Silly...Ch. 2 - In tension testing of specimens, mechanical and...Ch. 2 - Demonstrate the impact toughness of a piece of...Ch. 2 - Using a large rubber band and a set of weights,...Ch. 2 - Find or prepare some solid circular pieces of...Ch. 2 - Take several rubber bands and pull them at...Ch. 2 - Devise a simple fixture for conducting the bend...Ch. 2 - By pressing a small ball bearing against the top...Ch. 2 - Describe your observations regarding Fig. 2.14c.Ch. 2 - Embed a small steel ball in a soft block of...Ch. 2 - Devise a simple experiment, and perform tests on...Ch. 2 - Obtain some solid and some tubular metal pieces,...Ch. 2 - Explain how you would obtain an estimate of the...Ch. 2 - Without using the words stress or strain, define...Ch. 2 - We know that it is relatively easy to subject a...
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- Example: - In a tensile test of a cylindrical specimen with an initial diameter of 12 mm, the loads at 15 and 25% engineering strain are recorded to be 3 and 3.3 kN, respectively. If the flow curve of the above specimen is represented by the Hollomon parabolic stress-strain relation, neglect elastic strain and calculate the following (a) % Uniform elongation, (b) UTS. (c) 0.2% Offset yield strength. (d) ) % Uniform reduction of area and (ii) % uniform true reduction of area. (e) True toughness in the plastic range up to the point of tensile instability.arrow_forwardAnnealed low-carbon steel has a flow curve with strength coefficient = 80,000 lb/in2 and strain-hardening exponent = 0.25. A tensile test specimen with gage length = 2.0 in is stretched to a length = 3.5 in. Determine the flow stress and average flow stress that the metal experienced during this deformation.arrow_forwardIn True stress-true-strain curve in tension of solid metal cylinder 45 mm high and 8 mm in diameter, two pairs of values of stress and strain were given for the specimen metal after it had yielded (1) true stress = 217 MPa, and true strain = 0.35; and (2) true stress = 259 MPa, and true strain = 0.68. Based on these data points, determine the following: a) The average flow stress that the metal experiences if it is subjected to a stress that is equal to its strength coefficient K. b) The work done that the metal experiences if it is subjected to elongation in height of 45% c) If during the deformation the relative speed = 20 mm/s, determine the strain rate at h = 50 mm and h = 70 mm.arrow_forward
- A cylindrical specimen of brass that has a diameter of 21 mm, a tensile modulus of 122 GPa, and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.37 is pulled in tension with force of 38704 N. If the deformation is totally elastic, what is the strain experienced by the specimen?arrow_forwardThe strength coefficient and strain-hardening exponent of a certain test metal are 750 MPa and 0.25, respectively. A cylindrical specimen of the metal with starting diameter = 75 mm is stretched. If the average flow stress on the part is 450 MPa determine the final diameter of the specimen.arrow_forwardA cylindrical specimen of brass that has a diameter of 15 mm, a tensile modulus of 120 GPa, and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.30 is pulled in tension with force of 50,000 N. If the deformation is totally elastic, what is the approximate strain experienced by the specimen?arrow_forward
- Calculate the rolling force required to hot reduce an AISI 1018 steel plate, 80 cm wide, from an initial thickness of 5 mm to a final thickness of 3.5 mm. The rollers are made of steel with a diameter of 350 mm. Through plane strain compression tests, it was determined that the material has a plane strain yield stress of 150 MPa. Assume an efficiency of 60%. Answer: P=3.24 NMarrow_forwardExample A 13 mm-diameter tensile specimen has a 50 mm gage length. The load corresponding to the 0.2 percent offset is 6800 kg and the maximum load is 1800 kg. Fracture occurs at 7300 kg. The diameter after fracture is 8 mm and the gage length at fracture is 65 mm. calculate the standard properties of the material from the tension test.arrow_forwardi need the answer quicklyarrow_forward
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