a) Interpretation: A structure for ketone or aldehyde with the following descriptions is to be proposed. C 10 H 12 O, IR: 1710 cm -1 ; 1 HNMR: 1.01 δ (Rel.area=1.50), 2.47 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 3.66 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 7.28 δ (Rel.area=2.50). Concept introduction: Aldehydes and ketones show a strong absorption band in IR from 1660-1770 cm -1 . Aldehydes show two characteristic C-H absorptions between 2700-2760 cm -1 and 2800-2860 cm -1 . Saturated aldehydes absorb near 1730 cm -1 while aromatic aldehydes and α, β-unsaturated aldehydes absorb near 1705 cm -1 . Saturated ketones and cyclohexanones absorb near 1715 cm -1 while aromatic ketones and α, β-unsaturated ketones absorb near 1685-1690 cm -1 . Cyclopentanones absorb around 1750 cm -1 . In 1 HNMR the aldehyde protons absorb near 10 δ with a coupling constant, J=3Hz. Hydrogens on the carbon next to aldehyde group absorb near 2.0-2.3 δ. Methyl ketones show a sharp three proton singlet near 2.1 δ. To propose: A structure for ketone or aldehyde with the following descriptions. C 10 H 12 O, IR: 1710 cm -1 ; 1 HNMR: 1.01 δ (Rel.area=1.50), 2.47 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 3.66 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 7.28 δ (Rel.area=2.50).

Question

Lewis Structure, Hybridization & Molecular Geometry a) Draw the Lewis Structure of the molecules; Label the hybridization of each carbon atom; Predict the approximate molecular geometry around each carbon atom. CH3CHO CH3CN b) Draw the Lewis Structure of Nitromethane; Predict the approximate molecular geometry around the nitrogen atom. CH3NO2 c) Draw the Lewis Structure; Label the hybridization of the boron atom; Predict the approximate molecular geometry. BF3 BF4

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 84AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

A structure for ketone or aldehyde with the following descriptions is to be proposed.

C₁₀H₁₂O, IR: 1710 cm^-1; ¹HNMR: 1.01 δ (Rel.area=1.50), 2.47 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 3.66 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 7.28 δ (Rel.area=2.50).

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones show a strong absorption band in IR from 1660-1770 cm^-1. Aldehydes show two characteristic C-H absorptions between 2700-2760 cm^-1 and 2800-2860 cm^-1. Saturated aldehydes absorb near 1730 cm^-1 while aromatic aldehydes and α, β-unsaturated aldehydes absorb near 1705 cm^-1. Saturated ketones and cyclohexanones absorb near 1715 cm^-1 while aromatic ketones and α, β-unsaturated ketones absorb near 1685-1690 cm^-1. Cyclopentanones absorb around 1750 cm^-1.

In ¹HNMR the aldehyde protons absorb near 10 δ with a coupling constant, J=3Hz. Hydrogens on the carbon next to aldehyde group absorb near 2.0-2.3 δ. Methyl ketones show a sharp three proton singlet near 2.1 δ.

To propose:

A structure for ketone or aldehyde with the following descriptions.

C₁₀H₁₂O, IR: 1710 cm^-1; ¹HNMR: 1.01 δ (Rel.area=1.50), 2.47 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 3.66 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 7.28 δ (Rel.area=2.50).

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

A structure for ketone or aldehyde with the following descriptions is to be proposed.

C₆H₁₂O₃, IR: 1715 cm^-1; ¹HNMR: 2.18 δ (Rel.area=3.00), 2.74 δ (Rel.area=2.00), 3.37 δ (Rel.area=6.00), 4.79 δ (Rel.area=1.00).

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones show a strong absorption band in IR from 1660-1770 cm^-1. Aldehydes show two characteristic C-H absorptions between 2700-2760 cm^-1 and 2800-2860 cm^-1. Saturated aldehydes absorb near 1730 cm^-1 while aromatic aldehydes and α, β-unsaturated aldehydes absorb near 1705 cm^-1. Saturated ketones and cyclohexanones absorb near 1715 cm^-1 while aromatic ketones and α, β-unsaturated ketones absorb near 1685-1690 cm^-1. Cyclopentanones absorb around 1750 cm^-1.

In ¹HNMR the aldehyde protons absorb near 10 δ with a coupling constant, J=3Hz. Hydrogens on the carbon next to aldehyde group absorb near 2.0-2.3 δ. Methyl ketones show a sharp three proton singlet near 2.1 δ.

To propose:

A structure for ketone or aldehyde with the following descriptions.

C₆H₁₂O₃, IR: 1715 cm^-1; ¹HNMR: 2.18 δ (Rel.area=3.00), 2.74 δ (Rel.area=2.00), 3.37 δ (Rel.area=6.00), 4.79 δ (Rel.area=1.00).

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Lewis Structure, Hybridization & Molecular Geometry a) Draw the Lewis Structure of the molecules; Label the hybridization of each carbon atom; Predict the approximate molecular geometry around each carbon atom. CH3CHO CH3CN b) Draw the Lewis Structure of Nitromethane; Predict the approximate molecular geometry around the nitrogen atom. CH3NO2 c) Draw the Lewis Structure; Label the hybridization of the boron atom; Predict the approximate molecular geometry. BF3 BF4

a. The structure of the bicarbonate (hydrogen carbonate) ion, HCO3-, HCO3 " is best described as a hybrid of several contributing resonance forms, two of which are shown here. HO :0: HO + :Ö: Bicarbonate is crucial for the control of body pH (for example, blood pH 7.4). A more self-indulgent use is in baking soda, where it serves as a source of CO2 CO2 gas, which gives bread and pastry their fluffy constituency. (i) Draw at least one additional resonance form. = (ii) Using curved "electron-pushing" arrows, show how these Lewis structures may be interconverted by movement of electron pairs. (iii) Determine which form or forms will be the major contributor(s) to the real structure of bicarbonate, explaining your answer on the basis of the criteria in Section 1-5.

Calibri 11 + BIL NAME: Jaylena M A student is investigating the ctect of volume on pressure during a lab activity. The student uses the following volumes (mL). 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30, 33, 34, 35, 38, 40, 42, 44. 46, and 50. As the volume changed they measured the following pressures (atm) 11.0, 10.5, 10.0, 9.2. 8.5, 78, 75, 7.0, 6.8, 6.5, 6.0, 5.9, 5.5, 5.0, 4.8, 4.5, 4.2, 3.9, 3.8, 3.5, 3.3, 3.2, 3.0, 2.9. What is the independent variable? Volume Imla What is the dependent variable? Pressure Jatm Use the data and make a PROPER data table. Volume 1mL) Pressure latm 110

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 84AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

A structure for ketone or aldehyde with the following descriptions is to be proposed.

C₁₀H₁₂O, IR: 1710 cm^-1; ¹HNMR: 1.01 δ (Rel.area=1.50), 2.47 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 3.66 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 7.28 δ (Rel.area=2.50).

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones show a strong absorption band in IR from 1660-1770 cm^-1. Aldehydes show two characteristic C-H absorptions between 2700-2760 cm^-1 and 2800-2860 cm^-1. Saturated aldehydes absorb near 1730 cm^-1 while aromatic aldehydes and α, β-unsaturated aldehydes absorb near 1705 cm^-1. Saturated ketones and cyclohexanones absorb near 1715 cm^-1 while aromatic ketones and α, β-unsaturated ketones absorb near 1685-1690 cm^-1. Cyclopentanones absorb around 1750 cm^-1.

In ¹HNMR the aldehyde protons absorb near 10 δ with a coupling constant, J=3Hz. Hydrogens on the carbon next to aldehyde group absorb near 2.0-2.3 δ. Methyl ketones show a sharp three proton singlet near 2.1 δ.

To propose:

A structure for ketone or aldehyde with the following descriptions.

C₁₀H₁₂O, IR: 1710 cm^-1; ¹HNMR: 1.01 δ (Rel.area=1.50), 2.47 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 3.66 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 7.28 δ (Rel.area=2.50).

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

A structure for ketone or aldehyde with the following descriptions is to be proposed.

C₆H₁₂O₃, IR: 1715 cm^-1; ¹HNMR: 2.18 δ (Rel.area=3.00), 2.74 δ (Rel.area=2.00), 3.37 δ (Rel.area=6.00), 4.79 δ (Rel.area=1.00).

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones show a strong absorption band in IR from 1660-1770 cm^-1. Aldehydes show two characteristic C-H absorptions between 2700-2760 cm^-1 and 2800-2860 cm^-1. Saturated aldehydes absorb near 1730 cm^-1 while aromatic aldehydes and α, β-unsaturated aldehydes absorb near 1705 cm^-1. Saturated ketones and cyclohexanones absorb near 1715 cm^-1 while aromatic ketones and α, β-unsaturated ketones absorb near 1685-1690 cm^-1. Cyclopentanones absorb around 1750 cm^-1.

In ¹HNMR the aldehyde protons absorb near 10 δ with a coupling constant, J=3Hz. Hydrogens on the carbon next to aldehyde group absorb near 2.0-2.3 δ. Methyl ketones show a sharp three proton singlet near 2.1 δ.

To propose:

A structure for ketone or aldehyde with the following descriptions.

C₆H₁₂O₃, IR: 1715 cm^-1; ¹HNMR: 2.18 δ (Rel.area=3.00), 2.74 δ (Rel.area=2.00), 3.37 δ (Rel.area=6.00), 4.79 δ (Rel.area=1.00).

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 84AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

A structure for ketone or aldehyde with the following descriptions is to be proposed.

C₁₀H₁₂O, IR: 1710 cm^-1; ¹HNMR: 1.01 δ (Rel.area=1.50), 2.47 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 3.66 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 7.28 δ (Rel.area=2.50).

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones show a strong absorption band in IR from 1660-1770 cm^-1. Aldehydes show two characteristic C-H absorptions between 2700-2760 cm^-1 and 2800-2860 cm^-1. Saturated aldehydes absorb near 1730 cm^-1 while aromatic aldehydes and α, β-unsaturated aldehydes absorb near 1705 cm^-1. Saturated ketones and cyclohexanones absorb near 1715 cm^-1 while aromatic ketones and α, β-unsaturated ketones absorb near 1685-1690 cm^-1. Cyclopentanones absorb around 1750 cm^-1.

In ¹HNMR the aldehyde protons absorb near 10 δ with a coupling constant, J=3Hz. Hydrogens on the carbon next to aldehyde group absorb near 2.0-2.3 δ. Methyl ketones show a sharp three proton singlet near 2.1 δ.

To propose:

A structure for ketone or aldehyde with the following descriptions.

C₁₀H₁₂O, IR: 1710 cm^-1; ¹HNMR: 1.01 δ (Rel.area=1.50), 2.47 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 3.66 δ (Rel.area=1.00), 7.28 δ (Rel.area=2.50).

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

A structure for ketone or aldehyde with the following descriptions is to be proposed.

C₆H₁₂O₃, IR: 1715 cm^-1; ¹HNMR: 2.18 δ (Rel.area=3.00), 2.74 δ (Rel.area=2.00), 3.37 δ (Rel.area=6.00), 4.79 δ (Rel.area=1.00).

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones show a strong absorption band in IR from 1660-1770 cm^-1. Aldehydes show two characteristic C-H absorptions between 2700-2760 cm^-1 and 2800-2860 cm^-1. Saturated aldehydes absorb near 1730 cm^-1 while aromatic aldehydes and α, β-unsaturated aldehydes absorb near 1705 cm^-1. Saturated ketones and cyclohexanones absorb near 1715 cm^-1 while aromatic ketones and α, β-unsaturated ketones absorb near 1685-1690 cm^-1. Cyclopentanones absorb around 1750 cm^-1.

In ¹HNMR the aldehyde protons absorb near 10 δ with a coupling constant, J=3Hz. Hydrogens on the carbon next to aldehyde group absorb near 2.0-2.3 δ. Methyl ketones show a sharp three proton singlet near 2.1 δ.

To propose:

A structure for ketone or aldehyde with the following descriptions.

C₆H₁₂O₃, IR: 1715 cm^-1; ¹HNMR: 2.18 δ (Rel.area=3.00), 2.74 δ (Rel.area=2.00), 3.37 δ (Rel.area=6.00), 4.79 δ (Rel.area=1.00).

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 84AP

Interpretation Introduction