A molecular model representing a tetrahedral intermediate that results from the addition of a nucleophile to an aldehyde or ketone is given. The reactants are to be identified and the structure of the final product obtained on completion of the reaction is also to be shown. Concept introduction: Primary amines react with aldehydes and ketones to yield imines R 2 C=NR while secondary amines react to yield enamines R 2 NCR=CR 2 . Both reactions are typical examples of nucleophilic addition reactions in which water is eliminated from the intermediate initially formed leading to the formation of a new C=Nu double bond. To identify: The reactants, a nucleophile and an aldehyde or ketone that give the tetrahedral intermediate in an addition reaction. Further to show the structure of the final product obtained on completion of the reaction.

Question

Define the following terms Homolytic bond breakage: Nucleophile

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 28VC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A molecular model representing a tetrahedral intermediate that results from the addition of a nucleophile to an aldehyde or ketone is given. The reactants are to be identified and the structure of the final product obtained on completion of the reaction is also to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Primary amines react with aldehydes and ketones to yield imines R₂C=NR while secondary amines react to yield enamines R₂NCR=CR₂. Both reactions are typical examples of nucleophilic addition reactions in which water is eliminated from the intermediate initially formed leading to the formation of a new C=Nu double bond.

To identify:

The reactants, a nucleophile and an aldehyde or ketone that give the tetrahedral intermediate in an addition reaction. Further to show the structure of the final product obtained on completion of the reaction.

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Define the following terms Homolytic bond breakage: Nucleophile

1) The carbon-oxygen double bond present in aldehydes and ketones is very polar. What does this mean and how does it arise? 2) The carbon-oxygen double bond is readily attacked by nucleophiles like cyanide ions or ammonia. (i) What do you understand by the term nucleophile? (ii) Which part of the carbon-oxygen double bond is attractive to nucleophiles? 3) Why is there a difference between aldehydes and ketones in their response to oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate(VI) solution acidified with dilute sulfuric acid?

An electron-deficient carbon atom reacts with a nucleophile, symbolized as: Nu−. Define this ?

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 28VC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A molecular model representing a tetrahedral intermediate that results from the addition of a nucleophile to an aldehyde or ketone is given. The reactants are to be identified and the structure of the final product obtained on completion of the reaction is also to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Primary amines react with aldehydes and ketones to yield imines R₂C=NR while secondary amines react to yield enamines R₂NCR=CR₂. Both reactions are typical examples of nucleophilic addition reactions in which water is eliminated from the intermediate initially formed leading to the formation of a new C=Nu double bond.

To identify:

The reactants, a nucleophile and an aldehyde or ketone that give the tetrahedral intermediate in an addition reaction. Further to show the structure of the final product obtained on completion of the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 28VC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A molecular model representing a tetrahedral intermediate that results from the addition of a nucleophile to an aldehyde or ketone is given. The reactants are to be identified and the structure of the final product obtained on completion of the reaction is also to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Primary amines react with aldehydes and ketones to yield imines R₂C=NR while secondary amines react to yield enamines R₂NCR=CR₂. Both reactions are typical examples of nucleophilic addition reactions in which water is eliminated from the intermediate initially formed leading to the formation of a new C=Nu double bond.

To identify:

The reactants, a nucleophile and an aldehyde or ketone that give the tetrahedral intermediate in an addition reaction. Further to show the structure of the final product obtained on completion of the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 28VC

Interpretation Introduction