Navier-Stokes equation The Navier-Stokes equation is the fundamental equation of fluid dynamics that models the flow in everything from bathtubs to oceans. In one of its many forms (incompressible, viscous flow), the equation is ρ ( ∂ V ∂ t + ( V ⋅ ∇ ) V ) = − ∇ p + μ ( ∇ ⋅ ∇ ) V . In this notation, V = ( u, v , w ) is the three-dimensional velocity field, p is the (scalar) pressure, ρ is the constant density of the fluid, and μ is the constant viscosity. Write out the three component equations of this vector equation. (See Exercise 40 for an interpretation of the operations.)
Navier-Stokes equation The Navier-Stokes equation is the fundamental equation of fluid dynamics that models the flow in everything from bathtubs to oceans. In one of its many forms (incompressible, viscous flow), the equation is ρ ( ∂ V ∂ t + ( V ⋅ ∇ ) V ) = − ∇ p + μ ( ∇ ⋅ ∇ ) V . In this notation, V = ( u, v , w ) is the three-dimensional velocity field, p is the (scalar) pressure, ρ is the constant density of the fluid, and μ is the constant viscosity. Write out the three component equations of this vector equation. (See Exercise 40 for an interpretation of the operations.)
Navier-Stokes equation The Navier-Stokes equation is the fundamental equation of fluid dynamics that models the flow in everything from bathtubs to oceans. In one of its many forms (incompressible, viscous flow), the equation is
ρ
(
∂
V
∂
t
+
(
V
⋅
∇
)
V
)
=
−
∇
p
+
μ
(
∇
⋅
∇
)
V
.
In this notation, V = (u, v, w) is the three-dimensional velocity field, p is the (scalar) pressure, ρ is the constant density of the fluid, and μ is the constant viscosity. Write out the three component equations of this vector equation. (See Exercise 40 for an interpretation of the operations.)
Quantities that have magnitude and direction but not position. Some examples of vectors are velocity, displacement, acceleration, and force. They are sometimes called Euclidean or spatial vectors.
Given lim x-4 f (x) = 1,limx-49 (x) = 10, and lim→-4 h (x) = -7 use the limit properties
to find lim→-4
1
[2h (x) — h(x) + 7 f(x)] :
-
h(x)+7f(x)
3
O DNE
17. Suppose we know that the graph below is the graph of a solution to dy/dt = f(t).
(a) How much of the slope field can
you sketch from this information?
[Hint: Note that the differential
equation depends only on t.]
(b) What can you say about the solu-
tion with y(0) = 2? (For example,
can you sketch the graph of this so-
lution?)
y(0) = 1
y
AN
(b) Find the (instantaneous) rate of change of y at x = 5.
In the previous part, we found the average rate of change for several intervals of decreasing size starting at x = 5. The instantaneous rate of
change of fat x = 5 is the limit of the average rate of change over the interval [x, x + h] as h approaches 0. This is given by the derivative in the
following limit.
lim
h→0
-
f(x + h) − f(x)
h
The first step to find this limit is to compute f(x + h). Recall that this means replacing the input variable x with the expression x + h in the rule
defining f.
f(x + h) = (x + h)² - 5(x+ h)
=
2xh+h2_
x² + 2xh + h² 5✔
-
5
)x - 5h
Step 4
-
The second step for finding the derivative of fat x is to find the difference f(x + h) − f(x).
-
f(x + h) f(x) =
= (x²
x² + 2xh + h² -
])-
=
2x
+ h² - 5h
])x-5h) - (x² - 5x)
=
]) (2x + h - 5)
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