Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 21RQ
Cancer causing genes are called
- transformation genes
- tumor suppressor genes
- oncogenes
- mutated genes
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Cancer is a genetic disease. To provide evidence that you understand cancer genes are altered in both sporadic (somatic) and inherited cancers, match the beginning and end of the sentences below to give correct statements.
Products of proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes can be
growth factors and growth factor receptors
signaling molecules like protein kinases
proteins that control DNA repair
transcription factors
all of the above
Cancer is caused by many different types of gene mutations. Some mutations are in proto-oncogenes, which lead to overexpression of the genes, and other mutations are in tumor suppressor genes, which lead to under expression or no expression in these genes. Which kinds of gene mutations would RNA interference (RNAi) be better at treating? Explain.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 16 - Figure 16.5 In E. coli, the tip operon is on by...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.7 In females, one of the two X...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels...Ch. 16 - Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - Post-translational control refers to: regulation...Ch. 16 - How does the regulation of gene expression support...Ch. 16 - If glucose is absent, but so is lactose, the lac...Ch. 16 - Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the...Ch. 16 - The a/a operon is an inducible operon that...Ch. 16 - What are epigenetic modifications? the addition of...
Ch. 16 - Which of the following are true of epigenetic...Ch. 16 - The binding of _____ is required for transcription...Ch. 16 - What will result from the binding of a...Ch. 16 - A scientist compares the promoter regions of two...Ch. 16 - Which of the following are involved in post...Ch. 16 - Binding of an RNA binding protein will the...Ch. 16 - An unprocessed pre-mRNA has the following...Ch. 16 - IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to...Ch. 16 - Post-translational modifications of proteins can...Ch. 16 - A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP...Ch. 16 - Cancer causing genes are called transformation...Ch. 16 - Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set...Ch. 16 - Name two differences between prokaryotic and...Ch. 16 - Describe how controlling gene expression will...Ch. 16 - Describe how transcription in prokaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between a repressible and...Ch. 16 - In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic...Ch. 16 - A scientific study demonstrated that rat mothering...Ch. 16 - Some autoimmune diseases show a positive...Ch. 16 - A mutation within the promoter region can alter...Ch. 16 - What could happen if a cell had too much of an...Ch. 16 - A scientist identifies a potential transcription...Ch. 16 - Describe how RBPs can prevent miRNAs from...Ch. 16 - How can external stimuli alter...Ch. 16 - Protein modification can alter gene expression in...Ch. 16 - Alternative forms of a protein can be beneficial...Ch. 16 - Changes in epigenetic modifications alter the...Ch. 16 - A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X...Ch. 16 - New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA...Ch. 16 - How can understanding the gene expression pattern...
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- Benign tumors: a. are noncancerous growths that do not spread to other tissues b. do not contain mutations c. are malignant and clonal in origin d. metastasize to other tissues e. none of thesearrow_forwardTumor suppressor genes _____. a. occur normally in cells b. promote metastasis c. are brought into cells by viruses d. only rarely affect the development of cancerarrow_forwardare changes to the order of nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein. Proto-oncogenes Tumor suppressor genes Gene mutations Negative regulatorsarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about cancer is false? (a) oncogenes arise from mutations in proto-oncogenes (b) tumor suppressor genes normally interact with growth-inhibiting factors to block cell division (c) more than 120 cancer-driving genes have been discovered (d) oncogenes were first discovered in mouse models for cancer (e) the development of cancer is usually a multistep process involving both oncogenes and mutated tumor suppressor genesarrow_forwardWhich of the following mutations will result in cancer? a. homozygous recessive mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene coding for a nonfunctional protein b. dominant mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene in which the normal protein product is overexpressed c. homozygous recessive mutation in which there is a deletion in the coding region of a proto-oncogene, leaving it nonfunctional d. dominant mutation in a proto-oncogene in which the normal protein product is overexpressedarrow_forwardWhich of these events do you think is likely to promote tumorigenesis in affected cells? Group of answer choices DNA methylation of the promoter region of a tumor suppressor gene Hypermethylation of transcription factors that antagonize Wntsignaling Open chromatin in the region of of DNA harboring an activating mutation of beta-catenin All of thesearrow_forward
- Which of the following chromosomal changes would be LEAST likely to cause the development of cancer? a chromosomal deletion of a region containing the tumor suppressor gene duplication of a tumor suppressor gene a loss-of-function mutation in a tumor suppressor gene DNA methylation of the promoter of a tumor suppressor gene a mutation in a regulatory element that disrupts transcription of a tumor suppressor genearrow_forwardMatch each definition with the corresponding term concerning genes involved in tumor formation. Proto-oncogenes Oncogenes Tumor suppressor genes Haploinsufficiency Answer Bank a gene whose function drives uncontrolled cell division and tumorigenesis a gene regulating cell division that can be mutated into a tumorigenic form a gene that protects a cell from progressing toward cancer a condition in which a single copy of a gene fails to produce enough gene product for normal functionarrow_forwardOf the following choices a loss of function mutation would most lukely contribute to cancer onset if the mutant gene codes for a : telomerase tumor suppressor protein ATP synthesis enzyme RNS binding proteinarrow_forward
- What is the difference in an oncogene and tumor suppressor gene and how can each potentially lead to cancer?arrow_forwardWhich of the following do cancer cells rely on to be able to divide indefinitely? tumor suppressors proto-oncogenes telomeres telomerasearrow_forwardWhich type of mutation would NOT be involved in the inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene? gain-of-function mutation in the tumar suppressor gene loss of a whole chromosome containing the tumor suppressor gene O silencing of the gene's activity by epigenetic changes chromosomal deletion of a region containing the tumor suppressor genearrow_forward
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