Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 35CTQ
Protein modification can alter gene expression in many ways. Describe how phosphorylation of proteins can alter gene expression.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Mutations/deficiencies in protein components of the ECM, CAMS, and cell junctions are involved in the expression of
some human diseases. List and describe these pathologies in the table below. An example is given in the fırst row.
Name of disease
Symptoms
Molecular Basis of Disease
Severe vitamin C deficiency is caused by ascorbic
acids' role in collagen synthesis. Vitamin C allows
Anemia, debility, exhaustion, spontaneous hydroxylation and crosslinking of pro-collagen
bleeding, pain in the limbs, and especially catalyzed by lysyl hydroxylase. Lack of vitamin C
decreases transcription of pro-collagen. Additionally,
a lack of ascorbic acid leads to epigenetic DNA
hypermethylation and inhibits the transcription of
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the legs, swelling in some parts of the
body, and sometimes ulceration of the
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Scurvy
and tissue.
1
2
3
5
4.
Genetic expression involves transcription and translation. Match the structure or
molecule to the step
site where amino acid
combines with tRNA
intron sequences are
removed and exons are
combined together
makes RNA more stable in
the cytoplasm
region of DNA with
sequences that combine
with RNA polymerase
transcribed strand that
will go on to translation
connects amino acid to
polypeptide chain and
leaves tRNA
site where tRNA with
amino acid enters the
ribosome
recognized by the protein
synthesis machinery
enzyme that connects
RNA nucleotides to DNA
template
part of tRNA with
nucleotides
complementary to mRNA
1. peptide bond
2.
3.
antisense strand
4. anticodon loop
5. RNA polymerase
5' cap
6. A site
8.
7. splicing
9.
promoter region
acceptor stem
10. poly-A tail
Which of the following are examples of post-
translational modification (PTM)? (select two
answers)
Genomic DNA is methylated by a DNA
methyltransferase, altering the binding of
transcription factors.
Glycogen phosphorylase becomes active when
phosphorylated by glycogen phosphorylase
kinase.
Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase as the
first step in glycolysis.
Ras is active when bound to GTP, and inactive
when bound to GDP.
Caspase 3 is activated when cleaved by capsase
9.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 16 - Figure 16.5 In E. coli, the tip operon is on by...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.7 In females, one of the two X...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels...Ch. 16 - Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - Post-translational control refers to: regulation...Ch. 16 - How does the regulation of gene expression support...Ch. 16 - If glucose is absent, but so is lactose, the lac...Ch. 16 - Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the...Ch. 16 - The a/a operon is an inducible operon that...Ch. 16 - What are epigenetic modifications? the addition of...
Ch. 16 - Which of the following are true of epigenetic...Ch. 16 - The binding of _____ is required for transcription...Ch. 16 - What will result from the binding of a...Ch. 16 - A scientist compares the promoter regions of two...Ch. 16 - Which of the following are involved in post...Ch. 16 - Binding of an RNA binding protein will the...Ch. 16 - An unprocessed pre-mRNA has the following...Ch. 16 - IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to...Ch. 16 - Post-translational modifications of proteins can...Ch. 16 - A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP...Ch. 16 - Cancer causing genes are called transformation...Ch. 16 - Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set...Ch. 16 - Name two differences between prokaryotic and...Ch. 16 - Describe how controlling gene expression will...Ch. 16 - Describe how transcription in prokaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between a repressible and...Ch. 16 - In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic...Ch. 16 - A scientific study demonstrated that rat mothering...Ch. 16 - Some autoimmune diseases show a positive...Ch. 16 - A mutation within the promoter region can alter...Ch. 16 - What could happen if a cell had too much of an...Ch. 16 - A scientist identifies a potential transcription...Ch. 16 - Describe how RBPs can prevent miRNAs from...Ch. 16 - How can external stimuli alter...Ch. 16 - Protein modification can alter gene expression in...Ch. 16 - Alternative forms of a protein can be beneficial...Ch. 16 - Changes in epigenetic modifications alter the...Ch. 16 - A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X...Ch. 16 - New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA...Ch. 16 - How can understanding the gene expression pattern...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Define both transcription and translation. In addition, describe the role(s) of each of the following in the processes of gene expression and protein synthesis: DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, ribosome(s), RNA polymerase, codon, anticodon, amino acid(s) and polypeptide(s). Be detailed in your answer.arrow_forwardCovalent modification of eukaryotic DNA is an important regulator of gene expression. Name one type of covalent modification of DNA. Describe the location of this modification and the effect on gene expression.arrow_forwardProtein activity is controlled by multiple mechanisms in the cell. Briefly describe how this type of protein control is used in the cell and if this is an example of pre- or post-translational control. Allosteric activationarrow_forward
- Regulation can occur at many steps in the pathway of gene expression. Briefly describe at least one example of a regulator at the level of: a) transcriptional initiation b) protein stability c) posttranslational protein modificationarrow_forwardDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of genetic regulation at the different points identified.arrow_forwardDetermine whether the following will increase or decrease gene expression: mRNA degradation mRNA capping Binding of a transcriptional activator Ubiquitination of a protein and targeting to the proteasomearrow_forward
- Explain why protein glycosylation may determine the choice of a protein expression system.arrow_forwardDNA and RNA are information molecules with different roles in gene expression. List three differences between these two types of molecules.arrow_forwardGenetic expression in general can be regulated at various stages. Identify specific processes that control gene expression at the: a. transcription level - b. post-transcription level - c. translation level -arrow_forward
- Discuss how the expression of a protein can be regulated post transcription in eukaryotic cells through, using the following key terms: Degradation of mRNA (two ways) Blocking translation Degradation of the proteinarrow_forwardEXPLAIN ALSO.arrow_forwardThe fidelity of the genetic code and the transfer of information contained in genes to proteins is crucial to the function of the cellular machinery and the life of the cell. Is the genetic code universal in all cells? What characteristics of the genetic code contribute to its degeneracy? How can changes in the genetic code alter cell function? Share relevant examples, of how the genetic code could be potentially altered and/ or the effect of changes in the code on protein expression. Include a reference.arrow_forward
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