Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 2VCQ
Figure 16.7 In females, one of the two X chromosomes is inactivated during embryonic development because of epigenetic changes to the chromatin. What impact do you think these changes would have on nucleosome packing?
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 16 - Figure 16.5 In E. coli, the tip operon is on by...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.7 In females, one of the two X...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels...Ch. 16 - Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - Post-translational control refers to: regulation...Ch. 16 - How does the regulation of gene expression support...Ch. 16 - If glucose is absent, but so is lactose, the lac...Ch. 16 - Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the...Ch. 16 - The a/a operon is an inducible operon that...Ch. 16 - What are epigenetic modifications? the addition of...
Ch. 16 - Which of the following are true of epigenetic...Ch. 16 - The binding of _____ is required for transcription...Ch. 16 - What will result from the binding of a...Ch. 16 - A scientist compares the promoter regions of two...Ch. 16 - Which of the following are involved in post...Ch. 16 - Binding of an RNA binding protein will the...Ch. 16 - An unprocessed pre-mRNA has the following...Ch. 16 - IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to...Ch. 16 - Post-translational modifications of proteins can...Ch. 16 - A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP...Ch. 16 - Cancer causing genes are called transformation...Ch. 16 - Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set...Ch. 16 - Name two differences between prokaryotic and...Ch. 16 - Describe how controlling gene expression will...Ch. 16 - Describe how transcription in prokaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between a repressible and...Ch. 16 - In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic...Ch. 16 - A scientific study demonstrated that rat mothering...Ch. 16 - Some autoimmune diseases show a positive...Ch. 16 - A mutation within the promoter region can alter...Ch. 16 - What could happen if a cell had too much of an...Ch. 16 - A scientist identifies a potential transcription...Ch. 16 - Describe how RBPs can prevent miRNAs from...Ch. 16 - How can external stimuli alter...Ch. 16 - Protein modification can alter gene expression in...Ch. 16 - Alternative forms of a protein can be beneficial...Ch. 16 - Changes in epigenetic modifications alter the...Ch. 16 - A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X...Ch. 16 - New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA...Ch. 16 - How can understanding the gene expression pattern...
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- Cell division cycle mutations render the mutants unable to continue the cell cycle. This phenotype creates a paradox where mutant cells must also be grown in the lab to further identify the gene and study the role of the protein. How do you think this problem can be solved?arrow_forwardWhat is the function of a centromere? At what stage of the cellcycle would you expect the centromere to be the most important?arrow_forwardA person with cancer walks into the classroom. As a biology class, we ask if we can examine some of the cancerous cells and find that many of these cancerous cells have an extra chromosome 10 (trisomy) leading to more cyclin for forming the MPF being made, leading to uncontrollable cell division (i.e. tumor and progression to cancer). What would cause extra chromosomes in cells (be it somatic or gametic cells)? Select one: a. None of these choices are linked to how sister chromatids separate and would lead to extra chromosomes in daughter cells of cell division. b. APC not functioning correctly to add ubiquitin to the cohesins, thus sister chromatids do not split correctly during cell division c. MPF itself would cause more chromosome replication d. APC is overly functioning adding cohesins to the sister chromatidsarrow_forward
- A second hit might also occur through loss of heterozygosity (LOH). An example of how LOH may occur by reciprocal crossing over during mitosis is diagrammed in the figure attached. Discuss and interpret this model. Write a brief explanation of (a) what LOH means and (b) how LOH by mitotic reciprocal crossing over can give rise to a cell lineage with functional loss of the wild-type copy of a tumor suppressor gene.arrow_forwardScientists are able to isolate cells in various phases of the cell cycle. During an experiment in which Dr. Patrick McGroyn is causing cultured tumor cells to go through mitotic cell division, he isolates a group of cells that contain one and a half times more DNA than cells isolated in the G1 phase have. What phase must these cells be in? How do you know?arrow_forwardWhat is the key difference between metaphase I and metaphase II?arrow_forward
- Human cells normally have 46 chromosomes. For each of the following stages, state the number of chromosomes and the number of DNA molecules found in these chromosomes that are present in a human cell. a) Metaphase of mitosis Metaphase I of meiosis c) Telophase of mitosis (after cytokinesis)arrow_forwardWhat are the three protein families that regulate the cell cycle? give an example for each:arrow_forwardIn the tracking chromosomal DNA movement through mitosis experiment, how many chromosomes did each of your daughter cells contain? Why is it important for each daughter cell to contain information identical to the parent cell? How often do human skin cells divide? Why might that be? Compare this rate to how frequently human neurons divide. What do you notice?arrow_forward
- The phases of mitosis are shown in Figure 6.4. Mitosis is the type of nuclear division that occurs when an animal or plant grows larger and when injury heals. Two daughter cells result because there is only one round of division, and it keeps the chromosome number constant (same as the parent cell). The prophase cell in Figure 6.4 has the same number of chromosomes as the telophase nuclei in Figure 6.4. Explain the different appearance of the chromosomes.arrow_forwardGene A encodes for a protein A which prevents exit from the G1 phase of the cell cycle. You are studying mutations in gene A. Which of the following are true for gene A? Select all that apply A mutation that gives constitutively active protein A in one allele and a deletion of the entire gene in the second allele will transform the cell Gene A is a proto-oncogene A nonsense mutation that replaces the fourth codon with a stop codon in one allele and a deletion of the entire gene in the second allele will transform the cell Gene A is a tumor supressor genearrow_forwardThe p53 protein regulates the expression of BAX and Bcl2 to keep division at normal rate. Explain how is this achieved?arrow_forward
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