(a)
Interpretation:
Condensed structural formula of the organic product that is formed when pentanal is treated with hydrogen in presence of nickel catalyst has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
In
In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number
Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give
Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.
The reverse of
(b)
Interpretation:
Condensed structural formula of the organic product that is formed when pentanal is treated with ethanol in 1 to 1 reacting ratio has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that is bonded to a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom. Ketones are compounds that contain a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms. Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reaction across the carbonyl group.
Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohol to form hemiacetal as the product. This reacts with further molecule of aldehyde or ketone to form acetal.
Hemiacetal is an addition product that is obtained by reaction between aldehyde or ketone with alcohol. The general reaction of hemiacetal formation can be given as,
(c)
Interpretation:
Condensed structural formula of the organic product that is formed when pentanal is treated with methanol in 1 to 2 reacting ratio has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Aldehydes contain a carbonyl group that is bonded to a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom. Ketones are compounds that contain a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms. Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reaction across the carbonyl group.
Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohol to form hemiacetal as the product. This reacts with further molecule of aldehyde or ketone to form acetal.
Hemiacetal is an addition product that is obtained by reaction between aldehyde or ketone with alcohol. The general reaction of hemiacetal formation can be given as,
From the above general structure of hemiacetal it is found that it is an organic compound that contains a carbon atom that is bonded to an alkoxy group and a hydroxyl group.
Acetal is formed when the formed hemiacetal reacts with further alcohol molecule so that the hydroxyl group in the hemiacetal is converted into alkoxy group. This can be shown as given below,
The alcohol that is reacting with the hemiacetal can be from the same alcohol which involved in formation of hemiacetal or a different alcohol molecule. Therefore, the ketone or aldehyde must react with two alcohol molecules that may or may not be identical to form acetal.
(d)
Interpretation:
Condensed structural formula of the organic product that is formed when pentanal is treated with
Concept Introduction:
In organic chemistry, oxidation reaction is referred to the number
In organic chemistry, reduction reaction is referred to the number
Alcohols undergo oxidation reaction and reduction reaction. This depends upon the number of hydrogen atoms that is bonded to the alpha carbon atom. Primary and secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction while tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction. Primary alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehyde and carboxylic acid as product. Secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation to give ketone as the product.
Aldehyde undergoes oxidation to give carboxylic acid as the product while ketone does not undergo oxidation reaction.
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Chapter 15 Solutions
GENERAL,ORGANIC,+BIO.CHEM.-MINDTAP
- Consider this IR and NMR: INFRARED SPECTRUM TRANSMITTANCE 0.8- 0.6 0.4 0.2 3000 10 9 8 00 HSP-00-541 7 CO 6 2000 Wavenumber (cm-1) сл 5 ppm 4 M Which compound gave rise to these spectra? N 1000 1 0arrow_forwardConsider this reaction (molecular weights are under each compound): HC=CH + 2 HCI --> C2H4Cl 2 MW = 26 36.5 99 If 4.4 g of HC=CH are reacted with 110 mL of a 2.3 M HCI solution, and 6.0 g of product are actually produced, what is the percent yield?arrow_forwardWhat is the name of the major product of this reaction? OH CH3 H₂SO4, heat 1-methylcyclohexene O2-methyl-1-cyclohexene O 3-mthylcyclohexene 1-methyl-2-cyclohexenearrow_forward
- We added a brown solution of Br2 to one of our products, and the brown color disappeared. This indicated that our product wasarrow_forwardRank the following according to reactivity toward nitration: a) benzene b) bromobenzene c) nitrobenzene d) phenol Od) greatest, c) least Od) greatest, b) least Od) greatest, a) least a) greatest, b) least a) greatest, c) least Oa) greatest, d) least Ob) greatest, a) least O b) greatest, c) least Ob) greatest, d) least O c) greatest, a) least O c) greatest, b) least O c) greatest, d) leastarrow_forwardO-Nitrophenol was distilled over with the steam in our experiment while the other isomer did not. This is due to: O intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the ortho isomer O intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the the ortho isomer O the ortho isomer has a lower density O the ortho isomer has a lower molecular weightarrow_forward
- K 44% Problem 68 of 15 Submit Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. :6: :: :CI: CI CI: :0:0 Select to Add Arrows Select to Add Arrows H H Cl CI: CI CI: Select to Add Arrows Select to Add Arrows H :CI: Alarrow_forwardI I H :0: Submit Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. 0:0 :0: CI ΑΙ :CI: :CI: :0: CI Select to Add Arrows Select to Add Arrows cl. :0: Cl © ハ CI:: CI H CO Select to Add Arrows Select to Add Arrows 10: AI ::arrow_forwardOrder the following compounds from slowest to fastest in a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction. ii 요 OB D A E C OCE Darrow_forwardI need the most help figuring out how to find [I^-] mol/ L, [S2O8^2-] mol/L. 1st and 2nd Blank columns.arrow_forwardCan someone help me whats the issue?arrow_forwarda. The change in the Gibbs energy of a certain constant pressure process is found to fit the expression: AG-85.1 J mol −1 +36.5 J mol ¹K-1 × T A. Calculate the value of AS for the process. B. Next, use the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation: (a(AG/T)) ΔΗ - T2 to calculate the value of AH for the process.arrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
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