Chapter 13, Problem 13.99EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of phosphate groups present in ${\text{NAD}}^{+}$ coenzyme.

Concept introduction: Coenzymes are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Coenzymes cannot perform on their own alone.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is ${\text{NAD}}^{+}$.

A phosphate group is characterized by a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms through three single bonds and one double bond. The chemical formula of the phosphate group is ${\text{PO}}_4^{3-}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of phosphate groups present in ${\text{NADP}}^{+}$ coenzyme.

Concept introduction: Coenzymes are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Coenzymes cannot perform on their own alone.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADPH and oxidized form is ${\text{NADP}}^{+}$.

A phosphate group is characterized by a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms through three single bonds and one double bond. The chemical formula of the phosphate group is ${\text{PO}}_4^{3-}$.