Chapter 13, Problem 13.95EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the net gain or net loss in triphosphates (ATP, UTP, etc.) in gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances.

Triphosphate nucleotides provide energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Cytidine triphosphate (CTP), Uridine triphosphate (UTP), and Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) are examples of triphosphate nucleotides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the net gain or net loss in triphosphates (ATP, UTP, etc.) in gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts $\text{glucose 6}-\text{phosphate}$ to glycogen.

Triphosphate nucleotides provide energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Cytidine triphosphate (CTP), Uridine triphosphate (UTP), and Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) are examples of triphosphate nucleotides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the net gain or net loss in triphosphates (ATP, UTP, etc.) in the transfer of glycogen glucose unit to pyruvate.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula ${\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_{12}{\text{O}}_6$. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to $\text{glucose 6}-\text{phosphate}$. In the glycolysis pathway, a glucose molecule is converted to two pyruvate molecules.

Triphosphate nucleotides provide energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Cytidine triphosphate (CTP), Uridine triphosphate (UTP), and Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) are examples of triphosphate nucleotides.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the net gain or net loss in triphosphates (ATP, UTP, etc.) in the Cori cycle.

Concept introduction: Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances.

Triphosphate nucleotides provide energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Cytidine triphosphate (CTP), Uridine triphosphate (UTP), and Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) are examples of triphosphate nucleotides.