To indicate NADH is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis. Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway. Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6 − phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6 − phosphate . Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism . Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD + .

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.94EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate NADH is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate ATP is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that is defined as the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate CO2 is involved in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate H2O is a product in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

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Part II. two unbranched ketone have molecular formulla (C8H100). El-ms showed that both of them have a molecular ion peak at m/2 =128. However ketone (A) has a fragment peak at m/2 = 99 and 72 while ketone (B) snowed a fragment peak at m/2 = 113 and 58. 9) Propose the most plausible structures for both ketones b) Explain how you arrived at your conclusion by drawing the Structures of the distinguishing fragments for each ketone, including their fragmentation mechanisms.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.94EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate NADH is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate ATP is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that is defined as the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate CO2 is involved in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate H2O is a product in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.94EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate NADH is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate ATP is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that is defined as the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate CO2 is involved in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate H2O is a product in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.94EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate NADH is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate ATP is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that is defined as the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate CO2 is involved in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate H2O is a product in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 13.94EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate NADH is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate ATP is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that is defined as the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate CO2 is involved in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate H2O is a product in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 13.94EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate NADH is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 13.94EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate NADH is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate ATP is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that is defined as the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate ATP is consumed in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that is defined as the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate CO2 is involved in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate CO2 is involved in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate H2O is a product in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate H2O is a product in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.

Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. Glycogenesis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose 6−phosphate to glycogen. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 13.1 - The primary site within the human body where...Ch. 13.1 - What is the first site within the human body where...Ch. 13.1 - What effect does gastric juice in the stomach have...Ch. 13.1 - The enzymes that convert disaccharides to...Ch. 13.1 - Which of the following substances is needed for...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 5QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that NADH is consumed in the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, and gluconeogenesis.

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Chapter 13 Solutions