
Concept explainers
Interpretation: To contrast, the oxidation of glucose to
Concept introduction: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that is defined as the energy currency of life and provides energy to carry out the
The net yield of ATP for the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose is obtained from the assembled ATP production from the glycolysis process, aerobic oxidation of pyruvate to

Answer to Problem 13.54EP
When a glucose molecule is converted into ethanol, two ATP molecules are generated. The complete oxidation of glucose molecule produces
Explanation of Solution
In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down and is converted into two pyruvate molecules. In this reaction, two ATP molecules are generated. The net overall equation for the glycolysis process is as follows:
The end product in the glycolysis is pyruvate. The process of ethanol fermentation takes place in two steps. In step 1, the pyruvate molecule is converted to acetaldehyde by pyruvate decarboxylase enzymes. In step 2, acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes. The ethanol fermentation equation is as follows:
Combine the reaction for the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol with the net overall reaction for glycolysis to obtain an overall reaction for the ethanol production as follows:
The table for the production of ATP in the glycolysis process is as follows:
The table for the production of ATP in the aerobic oxidation of pyruvate to
The overall reaction equation for the conversion of pyruvate to
The table for the production of ATP in the citric acid cycle is as follows:
The net overall equation for the Citric acid cycle is as follows:
The table for the production of ATP in the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation is as follows:
NADH,
The net yield of ATP is 30. 30 molecules of ATP are produced by the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose.
An overall reaction for the production of ethanol is obtained by the combination of the conversion reaction of pyruvate to ethanol with the net overall reaction for glycolysis. Therefore, a net gain of two ATP molecules occurs when one glucose molecule is converted to ethanol.
A net gain of two ATP molecules occurs when one glucose molecule is converted to two pyruvate molecules through the glycolysis pathway. In the citric acid cycle, a net gain of two ATP molecules occurs when two
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- Draw an example of the following functional groups: *see imagearrow_forwardAldehydes and Ketones: Show the reaction conditions, and molecules, that connect the reactant to the product. A protecting group will be needed. *see imagearrow_forwardAldehydes and Ketones: Show the reaction conditions, and molecules, that connect the reactant to the product. *see imagearrow_forward
- Provide the missing information for each of the four reactions: *see imagearrow_forward6. Chlorine dioxide (CIO) is used as a disinfectant in municipal water-treatment plants. It decomposes in a first-order reaction with a rate constant of 14 s. How long would it take for an initial concentration of 0.06 M to decrease to 0.02 M? [6 pts]arrow_forwardIf possible, replace an H atom on the a carbon of the molecule in the drawing area with a methyl group substituent, and replace an H atom on the ẞ carbon with a hydroxyl group substituent. If one of the substituents can't be added for any reason, just don't add it. If neither substituent can be added, check the box under the drawing area. en HO OHarrow_forward
- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the curved arrows to draw the intermediate and product of this hydrohalogenation reaction. Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Br Select to Draw 51°F Sunny esc F1 HBr Select to Draw 1,2-hydride shift Br Select to Draw Q Search F2 F3 F4 1 2 # # 3 DII L F5 F6 F tA $ % Λarrow_forwardplease help i cant find the article to even startarrow_forwardWhat are the missing reagents for the spots labeled 1 and 3? Please give a detailed explanation and include the drawings and show how the synthesis proceeds with the reagents.arrow_forward
- help with the rf values i am so confusedarrow_forwardPredict the organic reactant of X and Y that are involved in the reaction below, and draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic reactant. Please include all steps & drawings & explanations.arrow_forwardPredict the major organic product for this reaction.arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,
- Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning



