Chapter 13, Problem 13.24EP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To identify the form of fructose that enters the glycolysis metabolic pathway as an intermediate.

Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule is converted into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes are formed along with pyruvate.

An intermediate is defined as the transient species that is formed from the reactants in the preceding step and gets consumed in the subsequent steps to generate the products. An intermediate is formed within a multi-step reaction mechanism.

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group $\left({\text{PO}}_3^{2-}\right)$ is catalyzed by a kinase enzyme. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

In the cleavage reaction, the covalent bond in the large molecule is cleaved and the molecule is dissociated into two or more fragments.