To characterize Step 1 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process. Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes. The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows: From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present. a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage ( C 6 stage ) . b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage ( C 3 stage ) . In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group ( PO 3 2 − ) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules. In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.15EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize Step 1 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 3 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 5 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 5 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes. The conversion of a glucose molecule to the pyruvate molecules is an oxidation process in which no molecular O2 is utilized.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.15EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize Step 1 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 3 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 5 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 5 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes. The conversion of a glucose molecule to the pyruvate molecules is an oxidation process in which no molecular O2 is utilized.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.15EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize Step 1 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 3 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 5 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 5 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes. The conversion of a glucose molecule to the pyruvate molecules is an oxidation process in which no molecular O2 is utilized.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.15EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize Step 1 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 3 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 5 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 5 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes. The conversion of a glucose molecule to the pyruvate molecules is an oxidation process in which no molecular O2 is utilized.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 13.15EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize Step 1 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 3 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 5 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 5 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes. The conversion of a glucose molecule to the pyruvate molecules is an oxidation process in which no molecular O2 is utilized.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 13.15EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize Step 1 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 13.15EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize Step 1 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 3 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 3 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 5 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 5 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 5 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes. The conversion of a glucose molecule to the pyruvate molecules is an oxidation process in which no molecular O2 is utilized.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To characterize step 5 relative to the type of reaction that occurs in the glycolysis process.

Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes. The conversion of a glucose molecule to the pyruvate molecules is an oxidation process in which no molecular O2 is utilized.

The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:

From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.

a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).

b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).

In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group (PO32−) is catalyzed by the kinase enzymes. In the glycolysis process, the phosphate group comes from ATP, ADP or some higher energetic phosphate molecules.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 13.1 - The primary site within the human body where...Ch. 13.1 - What is the first site within the human body where...Ch. 13.1 - What effect does gastric juice in the stomach have...Ch. 13.1 - The enzymes that convert disaccharides to...Ch. 13.1 - Which of the following substances is needed for...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 5QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains the metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule and converts it into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes.

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Chapter 13 Solutions