To determine the retrosynthetic analysis and synthesis of the following compounds. Concept introduction: Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds are strong bases. They will react with compounds containing hydrogen, attached to electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. They can be denoted as follows: Grignard reagent reactions with carbonyl groups are treated as acid–base reactions. Grignard reagents are strong bases. When a reaction between a strong base and strong acid occurs, weak acid and weak base are formed. The side of the reaction that has the weak acid and base is favored. Lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride are used as reducing agents. Sodium borohydride is better for reducing aldehydes and ketones to their respective alcohols. Lithium aluminum hydride violently reacts with water, but sodium borohydride can be used in aqueous solutions or other organic solvents like methanol. Retrosynthetic analysis is backtracking the reactants in a series of reactions. For synthesis of a compound using Grignard reagents, we have to select the correct reagents, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, or esters. There might be multiple ways to synthesize the alcohol and depending on the availability of reagents, we can choose a specific method.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12, Problem 8PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the retrosynthetic analysis and synthesis of the following compounds.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds are strong bases. They will react with compounds containing hydrogen, attached to electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. They can be denoted as follows:

Grignard reagent reactions with carbonyl groups are treated as acid–base reactions. Grignard reagents are strong bases. When a reaction between a strong base and strong acid occurs, weak acid and weak base are formed. The side of the reaction that has the weak acid and base is favored.

Lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride are used as reducing agents. Sodium borohydride is better for reducing aldehydes and ketones to their respective alcohols. Lithium aluminum hydride violently reacts with water, but sodium borohydride can be used in aqueous solutions or other organic solvents like methanol.

Retrosynthetic analysis is backtracking the reactants in a series of reactions. For synthesis of a compound using Grignard reagents, we have to select the correct reagents, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, or esters. There might be multiple ways to synthesize the alcohol and depending on the availability of reagents, we can choose a specific method.

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Practice Problem 13.36b Problem 13.34 outlines a general method for the preparation of cis- or trans-disubstituted epoxides. Using that method, identify what reagents you would use to prepare the following epoxide from acetylene: H" 'Et The transformation above can be performed with some reagent or combination of the reagents listed below. Give the necessary reagent(s) in the correct order, as a string of letters (without spaces or punctuation, such as "EBF"). If there is more than one correct solution, provide just one answer. A B C D DMP or PCC На, Pt EtBr PHCH2BR E F H H2SO4, H20, HgSO4 МСРВА (RCO3зН) Na, NH3 (/) H2, Lindlar's cat. I K TSCI, py PhBr NANH2 1) EtMgBr; 2) H30+

4. (A) A medicinal chemist wished to make a series of aromatic molecules bearing a ketone and thioether group with ortho, meta, or para relationships. To achieve this, they propose using nucleophilic aromatic substitution treating the corresponding ortho, meta, and para aryl chlorides with sodium ethanethiolate (NaSEt). Predict which of these reactions will likely work and which will likely fail. Provide a mechanistic explanation why. SET O NasEt EtS glagol Glal ol heat EtS target molecules EtS (B) Would the analogous reactions using EtMgBr instead of NaSEt be more or less likely to work? Explain why or why not. لمسلم EtMgBr

Starting with benzene, toluene, or phenol as the only sources of aromatic rings, show how to synthesize the following. Assume in all syntheses that mixtures of ortho-para products can be separated into the desired isomer. Q.)m-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12, Problem 8PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the retrosynthetic analysis and synthesis of the following compounds.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds are strong bases. They will react with compounds containing hydrogen, attached to electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. They can be denoted as follows:

Grignard reagent reactions with carbonyl groups are treated as acid–base reactions. Grignard reagents are strong bases. When a reaction between a strong base and strong acid occurs, weak acid and weak base are formed. The side of the reaction that has the weak acid and base is favored.

Lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride are used as reducing agents. Sodium borohydride is better for reducing aldehydes and ketones to their respective alcohols. Lithium aluminum hydride violently reacts with water, but sodium borohydride can be used in aqueous solutions or other organic solvents like methanol.

Retrosynthetic analysis is backtracking the reactants in a series of reactions. For synthesis of a compound using Grignard reagents, we have to select the correct reagents, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, or esters. There might be multiple ways to synthesize the alcohol and depending on the availability of reagents, we can choose a specific method.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12, Problem 8PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the retrosynthetic analysis and synthesis of the following compounds.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds are strong bases. They will react with compounds containing hydrogen, attached to electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. They can be denoted as follows:

Grignard reagent reactions with carbonyl groups are treated as acid–base reactions. Grignard reagents are strong bases. When a reaction between a strong base and strong acid occurs, weak acid and weak base are formed. The side of the reaction that has the weak acid and base is favored.

Lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride are used as reducing agents. Sodium borohydride is better for reducing aldehydes and ketones to their respective alcohols. Lithium aluminum hydride violently reacts with water, but sodium borohydride can be used in aqueous solutions or other organic solvents like methanol.

Retrosynthetic analysis is backtracking the reactants in a series of reactions. For synthesis of a compound using Grignard reagents, we have to select the correct reagents, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, or esters. There might be multiple ways to synthesize the alcohol and depending on the availability of reagents, we can choose a specific method.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12, Problem 8PP

Interpretation Introduction